Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry (대한치과보존학회)
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Physicochemical properties of a calcium aluminate cement containing nanoparticles of zinc oxide

  • Amanda Freitas da Rosa (Department of Dentistry - Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina) ;
  • Thuany Schmitz Amaral (Department of Dentistry - Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina) ;
  • Maria Eduarda Paz Dotto (Department of Dentistry - Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina) ;
  • Taynara Santos Goulart (Department of Dentistry - Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina) ;
  • Hebert Luis Rossetto (Engineering Center, Federal University of Pelotas) ;
  • Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi (Department of Diagnosis & Oral Health, Endodontics Division, University of Louisville) ;
  • Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira (Department of Dentistry - Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina) ;
  • Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia (Department of Dentistry - Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina)
  • Received : 2022.08.22
  • Accepted : 2022.10.04
  • Published : 2023.02.28
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Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of different nanoparticulated zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) and conventional-ZnO ratios on the physicochemical properties of calcium aluminate cement (CAC). Materials and Methods: The conventional-ZnO and nano-ZnO were added to the cement powder in the following proportions: G1 (20% conventional-ZnO), G2 (15% conventional-ZnO + 5% nano-ZnO), G3 (12% conventional-ZnO + 3% nano-ZnO) and G4 (10% conventional-ZnO + 5% nano-ZnO). The radiopacity (Rad), setting time (Set), dimensional change (Dc), solubility (Sol), compressive strength (Cst), and pH were evaluated. The nano-ZnO and CAC containing conventional-ZnO were also assessed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Radiopacity data were analyzed by the 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). The data of the other properties were analyzed by the ANOVA, Tukey, and Fisher tests (p < 0.05). Results: The nano-ZnO and CAC containing conventional-ZnO powders presented particles with few impurities and nanometric and micrometric sizes, respectively. G1 had the highest Rad mean value (p < 0.05). When compared to G1, groups containing nano-ZnO had a significant reduction in the Set (p < 0.05) and lower values of Dc at 24 hours (p < 0.05). The Cst was higher for G4, with a significant difference for the other groups (p < 0.05). The Sol did not present significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of nano-ZnO to CAC improved its dimensional change, setting time, and compressive strength, which may be promising for the clinical performance of this cement.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq) and the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) for the financial assistance to carry out this research. The authors would like to also thank the Central Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy (LCME) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina for the SEM, TEM, and EDS equipment support.

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