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The Korean Society of Phycology (한국조류학회(藻類))
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The description of Haematococcus privus sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales) from North America

  • Mark A. Buchheim (Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa) ;
  • Ashley Silver (Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa) ;
  • Haley Johnson (Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa) ;
  • Richard Portman (Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa) ;
  • Matthew B. Toomey (Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa)
  • Received : 2022.09.17
  • Accepted : 2023.03.09
  • Published : 2023.03.15
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Abstract

An enormous body of research is focused on finding ways to commercialize carotenoids produced by the unicellular green alga, Haematococcus, often without the benefit of a sound phylogenetic assessment. Evidence of cryptic diversity in the genus means that comparing results of pigment studies may be confounded by the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Moreover, previous work has identified unnamed strains that are likely candidates for species status. We reconstructed the phylogeny of an expanded sampling of Haematococcus isolates utilizing data from nuclear ribosomal markers (18S rRNA gene, 26S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS-2) and the rbcL gene. In addition, we gathered morphological, ultrastructural and pigment data from key isolates of Haematococcus. Our expanded data and taxon sampling support the concept of a new species, H. privus, found exclusively in North America. Despite overlap in numerous morphological traits, results indicate that ratios of protoplast length to width and akinete diameter may be useful for discriminating Haematococcus lineages. High growth rate and robust astaxanthin yield indicate that H. rubicundus (SAG 34-1c) is worthy of additional scrutiny as a pigment source. With the description of H. privus, the evidence supports the existence of at least five, species-level lineages in the genus. Our phylogenetic assessment provides the tools to frame future pigment investigations of Haematococcus in an updated evolutionary context. In addition, our investigation highlighted open questions regarding polyploidy and sexuality in Haematococcus which demonstrate that much remains to be discovered about this green flagellate.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank Ian Bellovich, Claire Chapman, Karina Cunningham, Marwa Elsayed, Michaelyn Everitt, Anna-Maria Malati, Ashley Lam, Chukwunonso Nwakoby, Kelsey Parks, Caitlin Pegg and Sydney Sullivan who assisted with DNA extraction, PCR and microscopy. The authors acknowledge support from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (PS20-021: Bioprospecting Oklahoma's Algal Diversity For High Value Products).

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