Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

The Korean Vaccine Society (대한백신학회)
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Immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in patients with hematologic malignancies

  • Chayapa Thookhamme (Department of Hematology, Chulabhorn Hospital) ;
  • Manassamon Navinpipat (Department of Hematology, Chulabhorn Hospital) ;
  • Aimwipa Sasakul (Department of Hematology, Chulabhorn Hospital) ;
  • Pakthipa Pattarakosol (Department of Hematology, Chulabhorn Hospital) ;
  • Kamoltip Lertchaisataporn (Department of Hematology, Chulabhorn Hospital) ;
  • Kriangkrai Tawinprai (Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital) ;
  • Pannee Praditsuktavorn (Department of Hematology, Chulabhorn Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.08.06
  • Accepted : 2023.03.31
  • Published : 2023.04.30
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Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to study the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in patients with hematologic malignancies. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study of hematology patients aimed to evaluate their antibody levels against the receptor-binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein and seroconversion rates following two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Between June and July 2021, we enrolled 61 patients and included 44 patients in our analysis. Antibody levels were assessed 8 and 4 weeks after the first and second injections, respectively, and compared with those of a healthy group. Results: Eight weeks after the first dose, the geometric mean antibody level was 1.02 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL in the patient group and 37.91 BAU/mL in the healthy volunteer group (p<0.01). Four weeks after the second dose, the geometric mean antibody level was 9.44 BAU/mL in patients and 641.6 BAU/mL in healthy volunteers (p<0.01). The seroconversion rates 8 weeks after the first dose were 27.27% and 98.86% in the patient and healthy volunteer groups, respectively (p<0.001). The seroconversion rate 4 weeks after the second dose was 47.73% in patients and 100% in healthy volunteers. Factors leading to lower seroconversion rates were rituximab therapy (p=0.002), steroid therapy (p<0.001), and ongoing chemotherapy (p=0.048). Factors that decreased antibody levels were hematologic cancer (p<0.001), ongoing chemotherapy (p=0.004), rituximab (p<0.001), steroid use (p<0.001), and absolute lymphocyte count <1,000/mm3 (p=0.009). Conclusion: Immune responses were impaired in individuals with hematologic malignancies, particularly patients undergoing ongoing therapy and B-cell-depleting therapy. Additional vaccinations should be considered for these patients, and further investigated.

Keywords

References

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