Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
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Effects of stabilizer magnesium nirate on CMIT/MIT-induced respiratory toxicity

  • Mi‑Kyung Song (Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Yong‑Wook Baek (Humidifer Disinfectant Health Center, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Dong Im Kim (Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Sung‑Hoon Yoon (Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Kyuhong Lee (Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology)
  • Received : 2022.08.23
  • Accepted : 2023.01.03
  • Published : 2023.07.15
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Abstract

Despite a humidifier disinfectant (HD) product containing chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) with approximately 22% magnesium nitrate as a stabilizer, no report on the effects of magnesium nitrate on the respiratory toxicity of CMIT/MIT is available. In this study, Kathon CG and Proclin 200, containing approximately 1.5% CMIT/MIT with different magnesium nitrate concentrations (22.6% and 3%, respectively), were used to compare respiratory effects after intratracheal instillation (ITI) in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into groups of saline control, magnesium nitrate, Kathon CG, and Proclin 200 with 1.14 mg/kg of CMIT/MIT as the active ingredient, and administration was performed 6 times in a 2-3 day-interval in 2 weeks in all groups. Differential cell count analysis, cytokine analysis, and histological analysis of lung tissue were performed to characterize the injury features. Both Kathon and Proclin 200 induced an increase in inflammatory cell levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, in particular, eosinophils and type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-secreted cytokines. All histopathological changes including granulomatous inflammation, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and pulmonary fibrosis were induced with similar frequency and severity in Kathon CG and Proclin 200 groups. Our results suggested that magnesium nitrate did not affect CMIT/MIT-induced lung injury in the intratracheally instilled model. Further inhalation studies are needed to determine the distribution and toxicity differences of CMIT/MIT in the lungs according to the magnesium nitrate concentration.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported and funded by the Korea Institute of Toxicology [Grant number KK-2204-03] the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER) and the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea [Grant number NIER-2021-04-03-001].

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