참고문헌
- Yang SJ, Park MY, Song YY, Sagong DH, Yoon TM (2010) Evaluation of early productivity of high density 'Fuji' apple orchards by planting well-feathered tree/M.9 EMLA. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 28, 374-380.
- Costa G, Beltrame E, Eccher P, Pianezzola A (1997) High density planted apple orchards: Effects on yield, performance and fruit quality. ACTA Horticulturae, 451, 505-511. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.451.58.
- Eccher T, Granelli G (2006) Fruit quality and yield of different apple cultivars as affected by tree density. ACTA Horticulturae, 712, 535-540. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.712.66.
- Wertheim SJ (2005) Planting system and tree shape. in: Tromp J, Webster AD, Wertheim SJ, Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit Production. pp. 190-203, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Yang SJ, Sagong DH, Yoon TM, Song YY, Park MY, Kweon HJ (2015) Vegetative growth, productivity, and fruit quality in tall spindle of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 33, 155-165. https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.13190.
- Sagong DH, Yoon TM (2015) Optimum crop load in different planting densities of adult 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree for preventing biennial bearing and stabilizing tree vigor. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 33, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.13126.
- Jung HW, Kim KH, Song TY, Hong SI, Han HK, Kim KK, Shin JH, Yeo DH, Kim BC, Park JK (2017) Tree growth, productivity, and management efficiency of high-density apple orchard according to training systems in Korea. Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research, 19, 39-49.
- Park IH, Han SG, Hong WJ, Lee JS, Hong NK, Yoon TM (2022) Planting density and application of BA for the production of well-feathered bi-axis apple trees. Horticultural Science & Technology, 40(5), 504-512. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20220045.
- Lakomiak A, Zhichkin KA (2020) Economic aspects of fruit production: a case study in Poland. BIO Web of Conferences 17, 00236. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700236
- Malik ZA, Choure T (2014) Economics of apple cultivation "with special reference to South KashmirIndia". Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5, 125-129.
- Robinson TL (2003) Apple-orchard planting systems, in: Ferree DC, Warrington IJ, Apples; botany, production and uses. pp. 345-407, CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, UK.
- Widmer A, Krebs C (2001) Influence of planting density and tree form on yield and fruit quality of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Royal Gala' apples. ACTA Horticulturae, 557, 235-241. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.557.30.
- Mika A, Piskor E (1997) Growth and cropping of dwarf 'Jonagold' ('Jonica') apple trees planted at the density ranged from 2,000 to 10,000 per ha and trained as slender spindle, super spindle and V system. ACTA Horticulturae, 451, 473-477. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.451.54.
- Park MY, Park, JK, Yang SJ, Han HH, Kang IK, Byun JK (2008) Proper tree vigor and crop load in high density planting system for 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. Journal of Bio-Environment Control, 17, 306-311.
- Choi SW, Sagong DH, Song YY, Yoon TM (2009) Optimum crop load of 'Fuji'/M.9 young apple trees. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 27, 547-553.
- Yang SJ, Park MY, Song YY, Sagong DH, Yoon TM (2009) Influence of tree height on vegetative growth, productivity, and labour in slender spindle of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. Journal of Bio-Environment Control, 18, 492-501.
- Sagong DH, Lee JW, Yoon TM (2018) Growth control of upper part in 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree canopy by cutting time of trunk and plant growth regulators. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 37, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2018.37.2.15.
- Lee D, Jung S, Choi J (2022) Analysis of tree growth characteristics by first and second thinning in Korean white pine plantations. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 111, 150-164. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2022.111.1.150.
- Lee J, Han SH, Kim S, Lee S, Son YM, Son Y (2015) A meta-analysis on the effect of forest thinning on diameter growth and carbon stocks in Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society, 104, 527-535. https://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2015.104.4.527.
- Nie PX, Xue XM, Wang LP, Lu C, Wang JZ (2019) Effects of different tree-removal methods on orchards on orchard structure, solar energy utilization and fruit quality in overcrowded 'Red Fuji' apple orchard. Journal of Fruit Science, 4, 438-446.
- Kang SB, Song YY, Park MY, Kweon HJ (2013) Effect of red and far-red LEDs on the fruit quality of 'Hongro'/M.26 Apple. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 32, 42-47. https://doi.org/10.5338/ KJEA.2013.32.1.42
- Hampson CR, Quamme HA, Brounlee RT (2002) Canopy growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Royal Gala' apple trees grown for eight years in five tree training systems. HortScience, 37, 627-631. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.37.4.627.
- Greene DW (1996) Flower development, in: Maib KM, Andrews PK, Lang GA, Mullinix K, Tree fruit physiology: Growth and development. pp. 93-95, Good Fruit Grower publishers, Washington, USA.
- Grappadelli LC (2003) Light relations, in: Ferree DC, Warrington IJ, Apples; botany, production and uses. pp. 364 and 209-210, CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, UK.
- Jung SK, Choi HS (2010) Light penetration, growth, and fruit productivity in 'Fuji' apple trees trained to four growing systems. Scientia Horticulturae, 125, 672-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.05.027.
- Yoon TM, Park HY, Sagong DH (2005) Effect of root pruning on tree growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 23, 275-291.
- Koike H, Tamai, H, Ono T, Shigehara I (2003) Influence of time of thinning on yield, fruit quality and return flowering of 'Fuji' apple. Journal American Pomological Society, 57, 169-173.
- Erf JA, Proctor JTA (1987) Changes in apple leaf water status and vegetative growth as influenced by crop load. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, 112, 617-620. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.112.4.617.
- Marini RP, Barden JA, Cline JA, Perry RL, Robinson T (2002) Effect of apple rootstocks on average 'Gala' fruit weight at four locations after adjusting for crop load. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, 127, 749-753. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.127.5.749.
- Barden JA, Neilsen GH (2003) Selecting the orchard site, site preparation and orchard planning and establishment. in: Tromp J, Webster AD, Wertheim SJ, Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. pp. 237-265, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Yim YJ (2015) Fruit Science General, pp. 110-114, 1st edition, Hyangmoonsha, Seoul, Korea.