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A Study on the Characteristics of Ecosystem Change and Management in Urban Wetland - Focusing on the Dunchon-Dong Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area, Seoul -

도시 습지 자연생태계 변화 특성 및 관리방안 연구 - 서울시 둔촌동 생태·경관보전지역을 대상으로 -

  • 한봉호 (서울시립대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 박석철 (서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 ) ;
  • 김종엽 ((재)환경생태연구재단 )
  • Received : 2023.02.21
  • Accepted : 2023.03.03
  • Published : 2023.06.30

Abstract

The present study has monitored the changes in the biodiversity of Dunchon-Dong ecological and landscape conservation area after the restoration of the wetland, identified and analyzed the threats to the ecosystem, and presented a management plan accordingly. In this area which was forests and rice paddies in the past, apartment reconstruction is currently underway, with some hinterland forests and wetlands remaining. When we look into the change in the floras, the total number of species was 193 in 2000 before the restoration, it decreased from 2004 to 2006, and as of 2019, it was 149, showing an increasing trend. The result of comparing the species that emerged before and after the restoration showed an increase in Cyperaceae herbs such as Carex maximowiczii and Carex dispalata growing in wetland areas within forests and Schoenoplectiella juncoides and Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani growing in areas within wetlands where shallow water is maintained. As a result of analyzing the change in the area ratio of each type of extant vegetation, the wetland native herbs formed the power at the highest ratio after the restoration. The change in the power of the wetland native herbs was on an increasing trend until 2007, after which it decreased much in 2010 and then gradually increased, showing values of 26.6% in 2000, 44.6% in 2002, 49.0% in 2005, 53.3% in 2007, 28.7% in 2010, and 37.3% in 2019. The cause of the decrease in 2010 was judged to be due to the vegetation management conducted to secure open water and remove organic matter in freshwater reservoirs. The amphibia which emerged from 2000 to 2019 was a total of 9 species including Hynobius leeshii, Bufo gargarizans, Kaloula borealis, and Rana uenoi. As a result of the changes in the emerging wild birds, the species diversity index before the restoration was 0.9922 in 2000, and the species diversity index after the restoration gradually increased to 1.2449 in 2005, 1.2467 in 2010, and 2.2631 in 2019. The amphibia and wild birds inhibiting in the Dunchon-Dong forest and wetland were judged to have increased through continuous wetland maintenance such as naturalized plant removal management, native plant maintenance, and open water securing management. For the ecosystem preservation management of the Dunchon-Dong ecological and landscape conservation area, it was suggested to minimize the impact of the Dunchon-Dong reconstruction project, reorganize the indiscriminate access roads adjacent to the wetland, and reorganize the main entrance to the wetland. For ecosystem restoration management, systematic restoration and ecological buffer planting were suggested to be carried out at the time of construction fence demolition.

본 연구는 둔촌동 생태·경관보전지역을 대상으로 습지 복원 전·후 생물다양성 변화를 모니터링하고, 주변 도시개발 변화에 맞는 습지 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대표 생물종을 정밀조사하고, 보전지역 및 주변 지역에서 발생하는 생태계 위협요인을 파악·분석하였다. 둔촌동 습지 주변 지역은 과거 산림과 논이었던 지역에 대규모 아파트단지가 조성되고, 일부 배후 산림은 남아있었다. 식물상 변화를 살펴보면, 복원 전 2000년에는 총 193종류이었다가 복원 후 2004년부터 2006년까지 종수가 줄었다가 2019년 현재 총 149종류로 다시 증가하였다. 복원 전·후 출현종을 비교한 결과, 숲 속 습한 습지지역에서 생육하는 왕비늘사초(Carex maximowiczii), 삿갓사초(Carex dispalata)와 습지 내 얕은 물이 유지되는 지역에서 생육하는 올챙이고랭이(Schoenoplectiella juncoides), 큰고랭이(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) 등 사초과 초본이 증가하였다. 습지 식생유형별 면적비율 변화를 분석한 결과 복원 이후 습지자생초본이 가장 높은 비율로 세력을 형성하였다. 습지자생초본의 세력 변화는 26.6%(2000) → 44.6%(2002) → 49.0%(2005) → 53.3%(2007) → 28.7%(2010) → 37.3%(2019)로 증가세를 보이다 2010년에 크게 감소 후 점차 확대되고 있다. 2010년 이후 변화는 습지 내 개방수면 확보와 담수지 내 유기물 제거를 위한 전면적인 식생관리가 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 습지자생목본은 복원 후 오리나무(Alnus japonica) 치수가 출현하여 세력을 1.6%(2005) → 6.3%(2007) → 14.8%(2010) → 21.9%(2019)로 계속 확대되고 있었다. 양서류는 2000년부터 2019년까지 모니터링 결과 도롱뇽(Hynobius leechii), 두꺼비(Bufo gargarizans), 맹꽁이(Kaloula borealis), 큰산개구리(Rana uenoi) 등 총 9종이다. 둔촌동 습지의 양서류는 귀화식물 및 자생식물 관리와 담수지 개방수면 확보를 통해 두꺼비, 도롱뇽, 큰산개구리 등 산림을 기반으로 하며 습지에서 서식하는 양서류가 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 야생조류 종다양도 지수는 복원 전 종다양도 지수는 2000년 0.9922, 복원 후 종다양도 지수는 2005년 1.2449, 2010년 1.2467, 2019년 2.2631로 복원 후 수치가 증가하였다. 둔촌동 생태·경관보전지역의 생태계 보전 관리는 둔촌주공 아파트 재건축 공사 영향 최소화, 습지 인접 무분별한 접근로 정비 및 습지 주 진입부 입구 정비를 제시하였다. 생태계 복원 관리에서는 공사 펜스 철거 시 체계적인 생태 복원 및 완충식재를 제시하였다.

Keywords

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