Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 재33권6호
  • /
  • Pages.625-633
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Predicting soil-water characteristic curves of expansive soils relying on correlations

  • Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi (Bugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud Univ.) ;
  • Muawia Dafalla (Bugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud Univ.) ;
  • Mosleh Al-Shamrani (Bugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud Univ.)
  • 투고 : 2022.05.05
  • 심사 : 2023.05.11
  • 발행 : 2023.06.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The volume changes associated with moisture or suction variation in expansive soils are of geotechnical and geoenvironmental design concern. These changes can impact the performance of infrastructure projects and lightweight structures. Assessment of unsaturated function for these materials leads to better interpretation and understanding, as well as providing accurate and economic design. In this study, expansive soils from different regions of Saudi Arabia were studied for their basic properties including gradation, plasticity and shrinkage, swelling, and consolidation characteristics. The unsaturated soil functions of saturated water content, air-entry values, and residual states were determined by conducting the tests for the entire soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) using different techniques. An attempt has been made to provide a prediction model for unsaturated properties based on the basic properties of these soils. Once the profile of SWCC has been predicted the time and cost for many tests can be saved. These predictions can be utilized in practice for the application of unsaturated soil mechanics on geotechnical and geoenvironmental projects.

키워드

과제정보

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, for funding this research through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs, Research Chair of Bugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils.

참고문헌

  1. Al-Mahbashi, A.M., Al-Shamrani, M.A. and Abbas, M.F. (2021), "Hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated expansive clay under repetitive loading", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 13(5), 1136-1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.05.002.
  2. Al-Mahbashi, A.M., Al-Shamrani, M.A., Dafalla, M. and Basu, D. (2021), "Effect of temperature on hysteretic behavior of water retention capacity for clay-sand liners", Indian Geotech. J., 51, 924-934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-020-00469-5.
  3. Al-Mahbashi, A.M., Al-Shamrani, M.A. and Moghal, A.A.B. (2020), "Soil-water characteristic curve and one-dimensional deformation characteristics of fiber-reinforced lime-blended expansive soil", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 32(6), 04020125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003204.
  4. Al-Mahbashi, A.M. and Elkady, T.Y. (2017), "Prediction of unsaturated shear strength of expansive clays", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering, 170(5), 407-420. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.16.00037.
  5. Al-Mahbashi, A.M., Elkady, T.Y. and Alrefeai, T.O. (2015), "Soil water characteristic curve and improvement in lime treated expansive soil", Geomech. Eng., 8(5), 687-706. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.5.687.
  6. Al-Mahbashi, A.M. (2014), "Soil Water Characteristic Curves of Treated and Untreated Highly Expansive Soil Subjected to Different Stresses", MS.c. Thesis; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  7. ASTM (2009), ASTM D6913-09: Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  8. ASTM (2011), ASTM D2435-11: Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  9. ASTM (2012), ASTM D698-12: Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  10. ASTM (2014a), ASTM D854-14: Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  11. ASTM (2014b), ASTM D4546-14: Standard test methods for one-dimensional swell or collapse of cohesive soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  12. ASTM (2016a), ASTM D6836-16: Standard test methods for determination of the soil water characteristic curve for desorption using a hanging column, pressure extractor, chilled mirror hygrometer, and/or centrifuge. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  13. ASTM (2016b), ASTM D5298-16: Standard test method for measurement of soil potential (suction) using filter paper. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  14. ASTM (2021), ASTM D7928-21: Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  15. ASTM (2017), ASTM D4318-17: Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  16. Burger, C.A. and Shackelford, C.D. (2001), "Soil-water characteristic curves and dual porosity of sand-diatomaceous earth mixtures", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(9), 790-800. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:9(790).
  17. Chen, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., Ye, G. and Guo, N. (2021), "Modelling rainfall-induced landslides from initiation of instability to post-failure", Comput. Geotech., 129, 103877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103877.
  18. Chin, K.B., Leong, E.C. and Rahardjo, H. (2010), "A simplified method to estimate the soil-water characteristic curve", Can. Geotech. J., 47(12), 1382-1400. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-033.
  19. Dafalla, M.A. and Al-Mahbashi, A.M. (2020), Effect of adding natural clay on the water retention curve of sand-bentonite mixtures. In Unsaturated Soils: Research & Applications (pp. 1017-1022). CRC Press.
  20. Dafalla, M.A. and Al-Shamrani, M.A. (2014), "Swelling characteristics of Saudi Tayma shale and consequential impact on light structures", J. Civil Eng.Architect., 8(5), 613-623. http://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/5549e55a3f95d.pdf. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2014.05.011
  21. Dafalla, M., Al-Shamrani, M. and Al-Mahbashi, A. (2017), "Expansive soil foundation practice in a semiarid region", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 31(5), 04017084. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001078.
  22. Durner W. (1994), "Hydraulic conductivity estimation for soils with heterogeneous pore structure", Water Resour. Res., 30(2), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02676.
  23. Elkady, T.Y. and Al-Mahbashi, A.M. (2012), "Effect of vertical stress on the soil water characteristic curve of highly expansive", Proceedings of the 2nd European Conf. on Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, Berlin, Germany, June. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31116-1_22.
  24. Elkady, T.Y., Al-Mahbashi, A., Dafalla, M. and Al-Shamrani, M. (2017), "Effect of compaction state on the soil water characteristic curves of sand-natural expansive clay mixtures", Eur. J. Environ. Civil Eng., 21(3), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1112844.
  25. Fredlund, D.G. and Xing, A. (1994), "Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve", Can. Geotech. J., 31(4), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1139/t94-061.
  26. Fredlund, D.G., Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, M.D. (2012), "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice", John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
  27. Fredlund, D. G., Stone, J., Stianson, J. and Sedgwick, A. (2011), "Obtaining unsaturated soil properties for high volume change oil sands material", Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Pattaya, Thailand, November.
  28. Fredlund, M.D. (1999), "The role of unsaturated soil property functions in the practice of unsaturated soil mechanics", PhD thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
  29. Li, Y. and Vanapalli, S.K. (2021), "A novel modeling method for the bimodal soil-water characteristic curve", Comput. Geotech., 138(2021), 104318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104318.
  30. Liu, Y. and Vanapalli, S.K. (2019), "Prediction of lateral swelling pressure behind retaining structure with expansive soil as backfill", Soils Found., 59(1); 176-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.10.003.
  31. Lu, N. and Dong, Y. (2017), "Correlation between soil-shrinkage curve and water-retention characteristics", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 143(9), 04017054. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001741.
  32. Lu, N. and Khorshidi, M. (2015), "Mechanisms for soil-water retention and hysteresis at high suction range", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(8), 04015032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001325.
  33. Mitchell, J.K. and Soga, K. (2005), "Fundamentals of Soil Behavior", (Vol. 3). John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
  34. Mounika, N., Raghuram, A.S.S., Basha, B.M. and Moghal, A.A.B. (2023), Effect of Hysteretic SWCC on Marappalam Rainfall-Triggered Slope Failure. (Eds., Muthukkumaran, K., Umashankar, B., Pitchumani, N.K.) Earth Retaining Structures and Stability Analysis. IGC 2021. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7245-4_12.
  35. Pham, H.Q. and Fredlund, D.G. (2008), "Equations for the entire soil-water characteristic curve of a volume change soil", Can. Geotech. J., 45(4), 443-453. https://doi.org/10.1139/T07-117.
  36. Pham, H.Q., Fredlund, D.G. and Padilla, J.M. (2004), "Use of the GCTS apparatus for the measurement of soil-water characteristic curves", Proceedings of the 57th Canadian Geotechincal Conf., 5th Joint IAH-CNC/ CGS Conf., Quebec, Canada.
  37. Rafi, A. (1988), "Engineering properties and mineralogical composition of expansive clays in Al-Qatif area", Ph.D. Dissertation, KFUPM, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79586-7.
  38. Raghuram, A.S.S., Basha, B.M. and Moghal, A.A.B. (2020), "Effect of fines content on the hysteretic behavior of water-retention characteristic curves of reconstituted soils", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 32(4), 04020057. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000311.
  39. Rahardjo, H., Kim, Y. and Satyanaga, A. (2019), "Role of unsaturated soil mechanics in geotechnical engineering", Int. J. Geo-Eng., 10(8), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-019-0104-8.
  40. Richards, B.G. (1965), "Measurement of the free energy of soil moisture by the psychrometric technique using thermistors", In: Aitchison GD, editor. Moisture equilibria and moisture changes in soils beneath covered areas. Butterworth and Co. Ltd., Sydney, Australia.
  41. Rong, W. and McCartney, J.S. (2021), "Undrained seismic compression of unsaturated sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 147(1), 04020145. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002420.
  42. Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E.C. and Wang, J.Y. (2013), "Water characteristic curve of soil with bimodal grain-size distribution", Comput. Geotech., 48, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.09.008.
  43. Slater, D.E. (1983), "Potential expansive soils in Arabian Peninsula", J. Geotech. Eng., 109(5), 744-746. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:5(744).
  44. Tavakkoli, N. and Vanapelli, S.K. (2011), "Rational approach for the design of retaining structures using the mechanics of unsaturated soils", Proccedings of the 2011 Pan-American CGS Geotechnical Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  45. Tuller, M., Or, D. and Dudley, L.M. (1999), "Adsorption and capillary condensation in porous media: Liquid retention and interfacial configurations in angular pores", Water Resour. Res., 35(7), 1949-1964. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900098.
  46. Vanapalli, S.K., Fredlund, D.G., Pufahl, D.E. and Clifton, A.W. (1996), "Model for the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction", Can. Geotech. J., 33(3), 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1139/t96-060.
  47. Vanapalli, S.K., Sillers, W.S. and Fredlund, M.D. (1998), "The meaning and relevance of residual state to unsaturated soils", Proceedings of the 51st Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Edmonton. Alberta, Canada, July.
  48. Villar, L.F.S., de Campos, T.M.P., Azevedo, R.F. and Zornberg, J.G. (2009), "Tensile strength changes under drying and its correlations with total and matric suctions", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt, October.
  49. Wijaya, M., Leong, E.C. and Rahardjo, H. (2015), "Effect of shrinkage on air-entry value of soils", Soils Found., 55(1), 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.12.013.
  50. Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. and Dai, G. (2020), "Estimation of the soil-water characteristic curve from the grain size distribution of coarse-grained soils", Eng. Geol., 267, 105502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105502.
  51. Zhang, L. and Chen, Q. (2005), "Predicting bimodal soil-water characteristic curves", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(5), 666-670. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:5(666).
  52. Zhou, B. and Lu, N. (2021), "Correlation between Atterberg limits and soil adsorptive water", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 147(2), 04020162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002463.