Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Genealogical Diversity of Endogenous Retrovirus in the Jawless Fish Genome

  • Song Jing (College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University) ;
  • Wei Jie (College of Environment and Life Sciences, Weinan Normal University) ;
  • Ma Yongping (College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University) ;
  • Sun Yan (College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University) ;
  • Li Zhi (College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University)
  • Received : 2023.06.12
  • Accepted : 2023.07.19
  • Published : 2023.11.28
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Abstract

Retroviral integration into ancient vertebrate genomes left traces that can shed light on the early history of viruses. In this study, we explored the early evolution of retroviruses by isolating nine Spuma endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and one Epsilon ERV from the genomes of Agnatha and Chondrichthyes. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences revealed a striking pattern of co-evolution between jawless fish ERV and their host, while shark ERV underwent ancient cross-class viral transmission with jawless fish, ray-finned fish, and amphibians. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that jawless fish ERV emerged in the Palaeozoic period, relatively later than ray-finned fish ERV. Moreover, codon analysis suggested that the jawless fish ERV employed an infection strategy that mimics the host codon. The genealogical diversity of ERVs in the jawless fish genome highlights the importance of studying different viral species. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of retroviruses and their interactions with their hosts.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31670163) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK202302003).

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