Nuclear Engineering and Technology

  • 제55권6호
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  • Pages.2335-2347
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  • 2023
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  • 1738-5733(pISSN)
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  • 2234-358X(eISSN)
한국원자력학회 (Korean Nuclear Society)
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Heavy concrete shielding properties for carbon therapy

  • Jin-Long Wang (Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy) ;
  • Jiade J Lu (Heyou Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Da-Jun Ding (Heyou Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Wen-Hua Jiang (Department of Radiation Sources, Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center) ;
  • Ya-Dong Li (Department of Radiation Sources, Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center) ;
  • Rui Qiu (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Hui Zhang (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Xiao-Zhong Wang (Research and Design Center, Beijing Cnctchem New Materrials Co., Ltd) ;
  • Huo-Sheng Ruan (Heyou Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Yan-Bing Teng (Engineering Department, Meizhi Meiyu Construction Management Co., Ltd) ;
  • Xiao-Guang Wu (Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy) ;
  • Yun Zheng (Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy) ;
  • Zi-Hao Zhao (Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy) ;
  • Kai-Zhong Liao (Engineering Department, Meizhi Meiyu Construction Management Co., Ltd) ;
  • Huan-Cheng Mai (Engineering Department, Meizhi Meiyu Construction Management Co., Ltd) ;
  • Xiao-Dong Wang (Engineering Infrastructure Department, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Ke Peng (Engineering Department, Meizhi Meiyu Construction Management Co., Ltd) ;
  • Wei Wang (Engineering Infrastructure Department, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Zhan Tang (Engineering Infrastructure Department, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Zhao-Yan Yu (Engineering Infrastructure Department, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Zhen Wu (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Hong-Hu Song (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Shuo-Yang Wei (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Sen-Lin Mao (Engineering Infrastructure Department, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Jun Xu (Engineering Infrastructure Department, Heyou International Hospital) ;
  • Jing Tao (Research and Design Center, Beijing Cnctchem New Materrials Co., Ltd) ;
  • Min-Qiang Zhang (Research and Design Center, Beijing Cnctchem New Materrials Co., Ltd) ;
  • Xi-Qiang Xue (Research and Design Center, Beijing Cnctchem New Materrials Co., Ltd) ;
  • Ming Wang (Research and Design Center, Beijing Cnctchem New Materrials Co., Ltd)
  • 투고 : 2022.12.21
  • 심사 : 2023.03.02
  • 발행 : 2023.06.25
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초록

As medical facilities are usually built at urban areas, special concrete aggregates and evaluation methods are needed to optimize the design of concrete walls by balancing density, thickness, material composition, cost, and other factors. Carbon treatment rooms require a high radiation shielding requirement, as the neutron yield from carbon therapy is much higher than the neutron yield of protons. In this case study, the maximum carbon energy is 430 MeV/u and the maximum current is 0.27 nA from a hybrid particle therapy system. Hospital or facility construction should consider this requirement to design a special heavy concrete. In this work, magnetite is adopted as the major aggregate. Density is determined mainly by the major aggregate content of magnetite, and a heavy concrete test block was constructed for structural tests. The compressive strength is 35.7 MPa. The density ranges from 3.65 g/cm3 to 4.14 g/cm3, and the iron mass content ranges from 53.78% to 60.38% from the 12 cored sample measurements. It was found that there is a linear relationship between density and iron content, and mixing impurities should be the major reason leading to the nonuniform element and density distribution. The effect of this nonuniformity on radiation shielding properties for a carbon treatment room is investigated by three groups of Monte Carlo simulations. Higher density dominates to reduce shielding thickness. However, a higher content of high-Z elements will weaken the shielding strength, especially at a lower dose rate threshold and vice versa. The weakened side effect of a high iron content on the shielding property is obvious at 2.5 µSv=h. Therefore, we should not blindly pursue high Z content in engineering. If the thickness is constrained to 2 m, then the density can be reduced to 3.3 g/cm3, which will save cost by reducing the magnetite composition with 50.44% iron content. If a higher density of 3.9 g/cm3 with 57.65% iron content is selected for construction, then the thickness of the wall can be reduced to 174.2 cm, which will save space for equipment installation.

키워드

과제정보

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Heyou International Hospital for the financial support for this research project. This work was also partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932209, 11975315, U1867210, and 11905134). We gratefully acknowledge Andrii Rusanov for the user routine application in FLUKA simulations and knowledge about particle physics. The authors kindly acknowledge the great support from AWS engineers Yin-Xiang Li and Xiao-Chen Ye. Many thanks to Ms. Yang from GuangDong Province Research Center for Geoanalysis as she conducted careful measurement of these cored samples and extensive discussion about elemental content with her.

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