Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning (농촌계획)

Korean Society of Rural Planning (한국농촌계획학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes in the Representation of Ruralism in the Rural Policies of Successive Governments in South Korea

역대 정부의 농촌정책에 나타난 농촌다움의 표상 변화

  • Seo, Hyeong Ju (Department of Environmental Planning, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Yong Hoon (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, In Kwon (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 서형주 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경계획학과) ;
  • 손용훈 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과 ) ;
  • 박인권 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경계획학과 )
  • Received : 2023.04.05
  • Accepted : 2023.05.31
  • Published : 2023.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aims to understand the concept of "ruralism" from the perspective of social constructionism and to clarify how the rural policies of past Korean governments represent ruralism. The representation of ruralism has changed from 'modernizing production and conservation and enlightened integration of communities' to 'advanced production and selective nurturing of community' to 'pursuing conservation and community for off-farm income and rural-urban interaction', 'food industrialization in production and conservation through Green Growth', and 'balancing production, conservation, and community.' Ruralism is gradually being represented in a more multifaceted way rather than being limited to certain components. In the production dimension, rural space has shifted from increasing food production to emphasizing the value of production, and in the community dimension, rural space is recognized as an independent settlement environment rather than as an adjunct to production. The conservation dimension, which has rarely been considered in rural spaces, has recently emerged as a key spatial element in explaining ruralism. Ruralism is not a concept that is separate from cities and has no relationship with them. Instead, it is evolving in a direction that considers production, community, and conservation in relation to cities. Ruralism is being applied to spaces that are not simply aimed at 'catching up with cities', but rather finding value and coexisting with them through mutual interaction.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 농촌진흥청 농업 정책지원 기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었음(과제번호: PJ017062022022, 과제명: 농촌다움 보존을 위한 농촌공간 재생능 평가체계 구축).

References

  1. Agrinet News, December 21, 2002, http://www.agrinet.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=58927 
  2. Arriaza, M., Canas-Ortega, J. F., Canas-Madueno, J. A., Ruiz-Aviles, P., 2004, Assessing the visual quality of rural landscapes, Landscape and urban planning, 69(1): 115-125.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.029
  3. Ahn, D. M., Kim, M. S., Son, J. D., 2005, Rurality and Preferences of Rural Landscapes in Korea-A Comparison of Evaluations by Koreans and Foreigners-, Journal of The Korean Society of Rural Planning, 11(3): .-43 - 52. 
  4. Ahn, Y. S., Kim, E. J., Kim, Y., Seo, J. H., 2005, Monetary Valuation of the Sociocultural Commonweal Functions from the Rural Communities in Korea. The Journal of Rural Society ,15(1): 175-213. 
  5. Berry, K. A., Markee, N. L., Fowler, N., Giewat, G. R., 2000, Interpreting what is rural and urban for western US counties, The Professional Geographer, 52(1): 93-105.  https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00208
  6. Blunden, J. R., Pryce, W. T. R., Dreyer, P., 1998, The classification of rural areas in the European context: An exploration of a typology using neural network applications, Regional Studies, 32(2): 149-160.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409850123035
  7. Bogdanov, N., Meredith, D., Efstratoglou, S., 2008, A typology of rural areas in Serbia, Ekonomski anali, 53(177): 7-29.  https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA0877007B
  8. Bulletin of the European Communities, 1969, n° Supplement 1/1969, Brussels: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. http://www.cvce.eu/obj/memorandum_on_agricultural_reform_in_the_european_economic_community_21_december_1968-en-aeeba4d9-1971-4e34-ae1c-ae90fc32c6ee.html 
  9. Caschili, S., De Montis, A., Trogu, D., 2015, Accessibility and rurality indicators for regional development, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 49: 98-114.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.05.005
  10. Cervantes-Godoy, D. (2015-09-01), "Strategises for Addressing Smallholder Agriculture and Facillitating Structural Transformation", OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheri es Papers, No. 90, OECD Publishinng, Paris.
  11. Choi , B. S., Park, Y. H., Hong, C. S., Li m, S. B., Jeong, K. W., Lee, H. K., Jeon, Y. M., 1998, A Post-Evaluation Study of Munhwa-Mauel(rural village modernization) Projects, Rural Development Corporation Rural Research Institute. 
  12. Cloke, P. J., 1977, An index of rurality for England and Wales.Regional studies, 11(1): 31-46.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09595237700185041
  13. Cloke, P., Edwards, G., 1986, Rurality in England and Wales 1981: a replication of the 1971 index, Regional Studies, 20(4): 289-306.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09595238600185271
  14. Cloke, P., Le Heron, R., Roche, M., 1990, Towards a geography of political economy perspective on rural change: the example of New Zealand, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 72(1): 13-25.  https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1990.11879599
  15. Commission of the European Communities, 1988, The future of rural society(Vol. 4), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 
  16. European Commission, 2016, CORK 2.0 DECLARATION. A Better Life in Rural Areas. 
  17. Halfacree, K. H., 1993, Locality and Social Representation: Space, Discourse and Alternative Definitions of the Rural. Journal of Rural Studies, 9(1): 23-37.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(93)90003-3
  18. Heo, J., 2007, An Analysis of the Discovering and Survey Techniques for Rural Amenity Resources-A Case Study of Seochen County-, Journal of the Korean Society of Rural Planning, 13(2): 75-84. 
  19. Hwang, B. Ch., 1996, Efficient Promotion of New Rural Village Development, Korea Research Institute for Local Administration. 
  20. Jeong, E. M., Choi, B. Ok., Choi, J. H., 2019, The Current State of and Policy Tasksfor Local Food Plan. Korea Rural Economic Institude Report, pp. 1-183. 
  21. Jeong, G. J., 2009, Policy experience and utilization of the Korean Saemaul movement in the 1970s, Korea Development Institute. 
  22. Ji, E. J., 2016, Policy Changes to Senior Job Programs from the perspective of the Multiple Streams Model, Korean Journal of Public Administration, 54(3): 225-268. 
  23. Jinyang, M. S., 2015, A Study of Rurality through Urban-to-farm and Urban-to-rural Migration Policy Discourse. The Journal of Rural Society, 5(1): 7-40 
  24. Jinyang, M. S., Kim, J. Y., 2014, An Analysis on the Discourses of Rurality in Urban to Rural Migration, The Journal of Rural Society, 24(2): 123-160. 
  25. Jo, S.G., Eom, S.J., Hwang, S.K., Rhee, Z.W., 2021, An Analysis of How Rural Experience Influence on Rural Perception Changing and Migration Settlement, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 63(1): 49-60.  https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2021.63.1.049
  26. Johnson-Woods, C., Feldpausch-Parker, A., 2022, Adjusting New Ruralism: The 'soul'of Waddington, NY and placemaking at the Water's edge.Journal of Rural Studies, 92: 425-442.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.04.012
  27. Jung, H. H., 2014, Valuing Amenity attributes of Farm Village using Choice Experiment- Valuing Rurality-, Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning, 20(4): 243-252.  https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2014.20.4.243
  28. Jung, H. K., Lee, S. S., Kang, S. K., Jeong, S. Ok, 2015, An Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Improvement of Competence of the Strong Small Farm, Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development, 22(3): 261-268.  https://doi.org/10.12653/jecd.2015.22.3.0261
  29. Jung, N. S., Oh, H. E., Jo, J. H., Kim, Y. G., 2005, Evaluation of Rural Amenities Resources though the Analysis of Factors for Users' Satisfaction. Journal of The Korean Rural Tourism Association, 12(1): 1-16. 
  30. Kang, J. K., 2009, The Introduction of Social Constructionism and the Inquiry of Disability through Social Constructionist Perspectives. The Korean Journal of Visual Impairment, 25: 125-142. 
  31. Kang, Y.E., Choi, D.W., Hong, S.H., Jung, Y.H., Kim, S.B., Im, S.B., 2011, A Study on Rural Landscape Change by Government's Development Policy, Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture, 39(6): 21-35.  https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2011.39.6.021
  32. Kim, E.J., Kim, S.B.,, Kang, B.H., Yoon, H.J., 2011, Development of technology based on utilization of rural amenity resource information, Rural Development Administration. 
  33. Kim, J. S., 1992, Current Policies and Problems of Rural Social Issues, Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 19: 1-18. 
  34. Kim, S. H., Suh, K., Park, J. Y., Lee, S. W., Jeon, J. B., 2020, How Government Policy Directions lead Rural Development Projects?, Journal of The Korean Society of Rural Planning, 26(1): 123-136.  https://doi.org/10.7851/Ksrp.2020.26.1.123
  35. Kim, Y. E., Choi, H. J., 2018, A Qualitative Study on the Meaning of 'Rurality' Perceived by Youths in Rural Towns, The Journal of Welfare and Counselling Education, 7(1): 25-46.  https://doi.org/10.20497/jwce.2018.7.1.25
  36. Kim, Y. J., Son, Y. H., 2022, Residents' Perception and Evaluation of New Ruralism Using IPA - Focusing on the Regional Leader Group in Gochang-gun -, Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning, 28(1): 99-108.  https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2022.28.1.099
  37. Ko, K. H., Kim, T. Y., 2019, The Difference in the Rurality of Rural Villages near a Metropolitan City-The Case of Two Villages near by Ulsan-, Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development, 26(3): 165-179. 
  38. Korea Planning Association, 2006, Theory and Practice of Rural Planning. Seoul :Boseonggak, 2006. 
  39. KOSIS, Returning to Agriculture and Fishing/Urban-Rural Migration statistics. 
  40. Kraus, S., 2013, A call for new ruralism: Reinvestment in metro-region agriculture is integral to metro-region sustainability. Smart Growth Network: National Conversation on the Future of Our Communities. 
  41. Lee, C. H., Lim, J. E., Lee, S. M., Y, S. H., 2019, Development and importance analysis of evaluation factors for formation of future-oriented rural residential environment: using network analysis and AHP analysis, The Journal of Rural Society, 25(2): 89-98.  https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2019.25.2.089
  42. Lee, D. Y., Son, Y. H., 2021, A Study on the Concept of Korean Ruralism - Focusing on the Comparison of Research on Ruralism and Rurality in Korea-, The Journal of Rural Society, 27(3): 69-84. 
  43. Lee, H. J., 2009, Changes in Rural Policy Paradigm and Rural Development Project in Korea -A Study based on "Integrated Rural Village Development Project"-, The Journal of Rural Society, 19(1), 7-47. 
  44. Lee, S. M., 2019, The Evolvement of Discourse and the Establishment of Conceptional System on Rurality and Ruralness. The Journal of Rural Society, 25(4): 129-149.  https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2019.25.4.129
  45. Lim, H. S., Lim, J. K., 1998, A Case Study on Success Factors of Saemaeul Undong, The Korean Journal of Local Government Studies, 17(3): 153-176. 
  46. Ministry of Environment press release, 2011, Three years of the Lee Myung-bak Government Environmental Policy Achievements and Challenges. 
  47. Mormont, M., 1990. Who is rural? or, how to be rural: towards a sociology of the rural, 1-85346-111-3. 
  48. Natori, Y., Chenoweth, R., 2008, Differences in rural landscape perceptions and preferences between farmers and naturalists.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(3): 250-267.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.002
  49. Newby, H., 1980, Trend report: rural sociology. Current Sociology, 28(1): 3-109.  https://doi.org/10.1177/001139218002800102
  50. Newman, G., Saginor, J., 2016, Priorities for advancing the concept of new ruralism, Sustainability, 8(3): 269. 
  51. OECD, 2006, Reinventing Rural Policy, Policy Brief. 
  52. OECD, 2018, Rural 3.0: A framework for ruraldevelopment, OECD 
  53. Oh, Y. S., 2003, Historical Assessment of the 1970s Rural Saemaul movement, Changes and Development of Rural Society in Korea: Papers on 100 Years of Agriculture and Rural Life in Korea, Volume 2, Korea Rural Economic Institute, pp.470-498. 
  54. Park, D. B., Lee, M. S., Yun, Y. S., 2006, Determinants affecting Rural Visitors' Perceptions of Rurality in South Korea, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Studies, 8(3): 199-212. 
  55. Park, H. S., Hwang, K. S., Kim, Y. T., 2008, Contents Analysis on the Rural Village Development Projects: With Focus on Project Regions during 2004-2007. Journal Of The Korean Society of Rural Planning, 14(4): 121-128. 
  56. Park, N.G., Ki m, M.S., Ko, J.W., 2015, The Effect of the Government's Entrepreneurial Support Policy on Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(6): 89-98.  https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.10.6.201512.89
  57. Park, S. H., Lee, D. K., Yoon, S. H., 2002, Meanings and Measurement Scale Developmenton Rurality, Journal of The Korean Rural Tourism Association, 9(1): 22-37. 
  58. Park, S. J., 2003, Changes in the Farm Economy After Liberation, Changes and Development of Rural Society in Korea: Papers on 100 Years of Agriculture and Rural Life in Korea, Volume 2, Korea Rural Economic Institute, pp.289-321. 
  59. Presidential Advisory Policy Planning Committee, 2008, Change and Innovation in the Office of the Presidential Secretary: A Transparent Secretary, Now Working as a System, Lho Moo-Hyun Government Policy Report, 4-01. 
  60. Presidential Transition Committee 18th, 2013, National Vision and National Goals of the Park Geun-hye Administration, Press Releases 1. 
  61. Prieto-Lara, E., Ocana-Riola, R., 2010, Updating rurality index for small areas in Spain, Social indicators research, 95: 267-280.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9459-0
  62. Rogge, E., Nevens, F., Gulinck, H., 2007, Perception of rural landscapes in Flanders: Looking beyond aesthetics, Landscape and urban planning, 82(4): 159-174.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.006
  63. SAEMAUL UNDONG ARCHIVES, Saemaul Movement Oral History, http://archives.saemaul.or.kr/ 
  64. So, S. Y., 2013, Evaluation of the rural development policy and its direction of the Park Keun-hye adminstration, Journal of Regional Studies, 21(4): 219-242.  https://doi.org/10.22921/JRS.2013.21.4.010
  65. Son, Y. H., Kim, Y. J., 2019, The Image of Ruralism in Korea through a Text Mining forOnline News Media analysis. Journal of The Korean Society of Rural Planning, 25(4): 13-26.  https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2019.25.4.013
  66. Viviers, J. A. K. O., Cornelius, S. G., Cilliers, E. J., 2017, Considering new urbanism, new ruralism and Green Urbanism in response to multifunctionality: The case of Verkykerskop, South Africa, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 223: 73-87.  https://doi.org/10.2495/SC170071
  67. Willits, F. K., Bealer, R. C., Timbers, V. L., 1990, Popular images of "rurality": Data from a Pennsylvania survey. Rural Sociology, 55(4): 559-578.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00697.x
  68. Woods, M., 2016, Rural: Rural life, place, and sustainability through the eyes of rural geography. Translated by Park, K. C., Huh, N. H. et al, Seoul: Tabi. 
  69. Yi , D. Y., Son, Y., 2022, What Is New Ruralism and Why It Is Needed for Spatial Planning? Focusing on Application to Korea as a New Rural Planning Principle, International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 10(4): 7-28.  https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.10.4_7
  70. 5-Year Action Plan for the Improvement of the Quality of Life of Farmers and Fishermen and the Development of Rural Areas(1st). 2004. 
  71. 5-Year Basic Plan for the Improvement of Livelihoods of Farmers and Fishermen and Development of Rural Areas(2nd,). 2009. 
  72. 5-Year Basic Plan for the Improvement of Livelihoods of Farmers and Fishermen and Development of Rural Areas(3nd). 2014. 
  73. 5-Year Basic Plan for the Improvement of Livelihoods of Farmers and Fishermen and Development of Rural Areas(4th). 2020.