Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association between diet quality and type of meal companion: the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

  • Yeong Sook Yoon (Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital) ;
  • Sang Woo Oh (Department of Family Medicine, Center for Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.05.03
  • Accepted : 2022.12.16
  • Published : 2023.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A meal companion is an important social determinant of eating behaviors and is related to what and how much a person will eat within the social context. This study examined the difference in diet quality according to the type of dining companion. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 15,074 adults (6,180 men and 8,894 women, ≥ 19 years) who participated in the 6th (2013-2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores were calculated using the food frequency questionnaire data. Survey multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of dining companions (ordinary type, eating with family members, eating alone, and eating with others) and the total and component scores of KHEI. RESULTS: People who exclusively ate with someone other than family or exclusively ate alone had lower total KHEI scores in both men (57.23 ± 0.67, 58.56 ± 0.73 vs. 62.71 ± 0.26) and women (57.6 3±0.97, 63.89±0.58 vs. 65.79±0.22) compared to people with the ordinary type (all P < 0.05). Both men and women who ate exclusively with someone other than family had lower KHEI component scores for breakfast, whole grains, and fruit, excluding juice, compared to the ordinary type and family eating group. Compared to the eating alone group, the component scores for breakfast and whole grains were lower in the eating with others group. CONCLUSION: The diet quality differed according to the meal companion type. People who always ate with someone other than family members and men who ate alone showed lower diet quality scores than the ordinary type. More research will be needed to improve their adherence to dietary recommendations.

Keywords

References

  1. LaCaille L. Eating behavior. In: Gellman MD, Turner JR, editors. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. New York (NY): Springer New York; 2013. p. 641-2.
  2. Fulkerson JA, Larson N, Horning M, Neumark-Sztainer D. A review of associations between family or shared meal frequency and dietary and weight status outcomes across the lifespan. J Nutr Educ Behav 2014;46:2-19.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2013.07.012
  3. do Amaral E Melo GR, Silva PO, Nakabayashi J, Bandeira MV, Toral N, Monteiro R. Family meal frequency and its association with food consumption and nutritional status in adolescents: a systematic review. PLoS One 2020;15:e0239274. 
  4. Woodruff SJ, Hanning RM, McGoldrick K, Brown KS. Healthy eating index-C is positively associated with family dinner frequency among students in grades 6-8 from Southern Ontario, Canada. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64:454-60.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.14
  5. Neumark-Sztainer D. Eating among teens: do family mealtimes make a difference for adolescents' nutrition? New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2006;2006:91-105.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.157
  6. Befort C, Kaur H, Nollen N, Sullivan DK, Nazir N, Choi WS, Hornberger L, Ahluwalia JS. Fruit, vegetable, and fat intake among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white adolescents: associations with home availability and food consumption settings. J Am Diet Assoc 2006;106:367-73.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.12.001
  7. Woodruff SJ, Hanning RM. A review of family meal influence on adolescents' dietary intake. Can J Diet Pract Res 2008;69:14-22.  https://doi.org/10.3148/69.1.2008.14
  8. Woodruff SJ, Hanning RM. Associations between family dinner frequency and specific food behaviors among grade six, seven, and eight students from Ontario and Nova Scotia. J Adolesc Health 2009;44:431-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.10.141
  9. Burgess-Champoux TL, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Story M. Are family meal patterns associated with overall diet quality during the transition from early to middle adolescence? J Nutr Educ Behav 2009;41:79-86.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2008.03.113
  10. Welsh EM, French SA, Wall M. Examining the relationship between family meal frequency and individual dietary intake: does family cohesion play a role? J Nutr Educ Behav 2011;43:229-35.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2010.03.009
  11. Woodruff SJ, Campbell K, Campbell T, Cole M. The associations of meals and snacks on family meals among a sample of grade 7 students from Southwestern Ontario. Appetite 2014;82:61-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.017
  12. Koszewski W, Behrends D, Nichols M, Sehi N, Jones G. Patterns of family meals and food and nutrition intake in limited resource families. Fam Consum Sci Res J 2011;39:431-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-3934.2011.02080.x
  13. Pachucki MC, Karter AJ, Adler NE, Moffet HH, Warton EM, Schillinger D, O'Connell BH, Laraia B. Eating with others and meal location are differentially associated with nutrient intake by sex: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). Appetite 2018;127:203-13.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.020
  14. Larson N, Laska MN, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in young adulthood. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012;112:1216-22.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.035
  15. Berge JM, MacLehose RF, Loth KA, Eisenberg ME, Fulkerson JA, Neumark-Sztainer D. Family meals. Associations with weight and eating behaviors among mothers and fathers. Appetite 2012;58:1128-35.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.008
  16. Lee EJ, Lee KR, Kim JY. Analysis of differences in eating alone attitude of Koreans by dietary habits and age. Appetite 2020;152:104695. 
  17. Bloom I, Edwards M, Jameson KA, Syddall HE, Dennison E, Gale CR, Baird J, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A, Robinson S. Influences on diet quality in older age: the importance of social factors. Age Ageing 2017;46:277-83.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw180
  18. Vesnaver E, Keller HH, Sutherland O, Maitland SB, Locher JL. Alone at the table: food behavior and the loss of commensality in widowhood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2016;71:1059-69.  https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv103
  19. Shikany JM, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Garcia L, Lewis CE, Neuhouser ML, Tinker LF, Beasley JM, Beresford SA, Zaslavsky O, et al. Associations of social, physical, and financial factors with diet quality among older, community-dwelling women. Menopause 2020;27:756-62.  https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001528
  20. Sobal J, Nelson MK. Commensal eating patterns: a community study. Appetite 2003;41:181-90.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00078-3
  21. Motteli S, Siegrist M, Keller C. Women's social eating environment and its associations with dietary behavior and weight management. Appetite 2017;110:86-93.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.014
  22. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the use of 6th (2013-2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey raw data 2017 [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018. Available from: https://knhanes.kdca.go.kr/knhanes/sub03/sub03_06_mod.do.
  23. Kweon S, Kim Y, Jang MJ, Kim Y, Kim K, Choi S, Chun C, Khang YH, Oh K. Data resource profile: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Int J Epidemiol 2014;43:69-77. Epub 2014 Mar 04.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt228
  24. Yun S, Shim JS, Kweon S, Oh K. Development of a food frequency questionnaire for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Korean J Nutr 2013;46:186-96.  https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2013.46.2.186
  25. Yook SM, Park SH, Moon HK, Kim K, Shim J, Hwang JY. Development of Korean Healthy Eating Index for adults using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. J Nutr Health 2015;48:419-29.  https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.5.419
  26. Yoon YS, Oh SW. Relationship between psychological distress and the adherence to the Korean healthy eating index (KHEI): the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013 and 2015. Nutr Res Pract 2021;15:516-27.  https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2021.15.4.516
  27. Lee J, Lee C, Min J, Kang DW, Kim JY, Yang HI, et al. Development of the Korean Global Physical Activity Questionnaire: reliability and validity study. Glob Health Promot Educ 2020;27:44-55.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975919854301
  28. Kim Y. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES): current status and challenges. Epidemiol Health 2014;36:e2014002. 
  29. Huang YC, Cheng HL, Wahlqvist ML, Lo YC, Lee MS. Gender differences in longevity in free-living older adults who eat-with-others: a prospective study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017;7:e016575.
  30. Kurotani K, Ishikawa-Takata K, Takimoto H. Diet quality of Japanese adults with respect to age, sex, and income level in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Public Health Nutr 2020;23:821-32.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019002088
  31. Hendrie GA, Lyle G, Mauch CE, Haddad J, Golley RK. Understanding the variation within a dietary guideline index score to identify the priority food group targets for improving diet quality across population subgroups. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:378. 
  32. Livingstone KM, Pnosamy H, Riddell LJ, Cicerale S. Demographic, behavioural and anthropometric correlates of food liking: a cross-sectional analysis of young adults. Nutrients 2020;12:3078. 
  33. Thorpe MG, Kestin M, Riddell LJ, Keast RS, McNaughton SA. Diet quality in young adults and its association with food-related behaviours. Public Health Nutr 2014;17:1767-75.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013001924
  34. Doherty AM, Lacko AM, Popkin BM. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with lower quality of the non-SSB diet in US adolescents and young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2021;113:657-64.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa342
  35. Ruddock HK, Brunstrom JM, Vartanian LR, Higgs S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the social facilitation of eating. Am J Clin Nutr 2019;110:842-61.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz155
  36. Kimura Y, Wada T, Okumiya K, Ishimoto Y, Fukutomi E, Kasahara Y, Chen W, Sakamoto R, Fujisawa M, Otsuka K, et al. Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: association with depression and food diversity. J Nutr Health Aging 2012;16:728-31.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-012-0067-3
  37. Kwon AR, Yoon YS, Min KP, Lee YK, Jeon JH. Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: a population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018;12:146-57.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2017.09.002
  38. Rha JY, Lee B, Nam Y, Yoon J. COVID-19 and changes in Korean consumers' dietary attitudes and behaviors. Nutr Res Pract 2021;15:S94-109. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2021.15.S1.S94