Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Effects of histamine and antihistamine on the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis during blood sucking

  • Mohammad Saiful Islam (Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Specialized Campus) ;
  • Abul Fatah Shah Muhammad Talha (Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Specialized Campus) ;
  • Myung-Jo You (Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Specialized Campus)
  • Received : 2022.06.15
  • Accepted : 2023.03.05
  • Published : 2023.05.31
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Abstract

At the time of host attachment, ticks are very sensitive to histamine, but during rapid blood sucking they paradoxically require histamine. Using a rabbit model, we studied the effects of histamine and antihistamine during attachment and fast-feeding in different life stages of Haemaphysalis longicorns. We examined how they responded to histamine and antihistamine by analyzing the detachment rate, histology of feeding lesions, and post-feeding behavior. A significant difference (P<0.01) was found in the detachment rate between experimental and control treatments throughout the observation period. Ticks exhibited a higher detachment rate (30.1%) at 12 h after histamine application during attachment time and on antihistamine-treated skin (25.4%) at 96 h during fast-feeding. After feeding on histamine-treated rabbits, the fully engorged body weights of larvae and nymphs were 0.7±0.36 mg and 3.5±0.65 mg, respectively. An average increase in body weight of 0.6±0.05 mg and 3.2±0.30 mg was observed for larvae and nymphs compared to the respective control weights. Nymphs and adults engorged after antihistamine treatment had an average body weight of 1.3±0.54 mg and 54±0.81 mg, respectively. An average decrease in body weight was observed in antihistamine-treated H. longicornis compared with control nymphs (3.3±0.42 mg) and adults (174±1.78 mg). Skin biopsies were collected after treatment, and differential histopathological characteristics were found between the treatment and control groups. Tick-infested skin collected from rabbits in the antihistamine-treated group lacked erythrocytes in the feeding pool, indicating that antihistamine impaired tick fast-feeding stage.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through the Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Convergence Technologies Program for Educating Creative Global Leader, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (grant number: 320005-4).

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