Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Remote handling systems for the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) facility

  • Giordano Lilli (INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Universita 2) ;
  • Lisa Centofante (INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Universita 2) ;
  • Mattia Manzolaro (INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Universita 2) ;
  • Alberto Monetti (INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Universita 2) ;
  • Roberto Oboe (Universita Degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione Dei Sistemi Industriali) ;
  • Alberto Andrighetto (INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Universita 2)
  • Received : 2022.04.11
  • Accepted : 2022.08.31
  • Published : 2023.01.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) facility, currently under development at Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN, aims at the production of intense RIB (Radioactive Ion Beams) employing the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique for interdisciplinary research. The radioactive isotopes of interest are produced by the interaction of a multi-foil uranium carbide target with a 40 MeV 200 μA proton beam generated by a cyclotron proton driver. The Target Ion Source (TIS) is the core of the SPES project, here the radioactive nuclei, mainly neutron-rich isotopes, are stopped, extracted, ionized, separated, accelerated and delivered to specific experimental areas. Due to efficiency reasons, the TIS unit needs to be replaced periodically during operation. In this highly radioactive environment, the employment of autonomous systems allows the manipulation, transport, and storage of the TIS unit without the need for human intervention. A dedicated remote handling infrastructure is therefore under development to fulfill the functional and safety requirement of the project. This contribution describes the layout of the SPES target area, where all the remote handling systems operate to grant the smooth operation of the facility avoiding personnel exposure to a high dose rate or contamination issues.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Fabio D'Agostini and Michele Lollo for their precious technological contribution, and the whole SPES community for the invaluable support and commitment.

References

  1. R. Catherall, W. Andreazza, M. Breitenfeldt, A. Dorsival, G.J. Focker, T.P. Gharsa, T.J. Giles, J.-L. Grenard, F. Locci, P. Martins, S. Marzari, J. Schipper, A. Shornikov, T. Stora, The ISOLDE facility, J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 44 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/aa7eba. 
  2. J. Bagger, R. Laxdal, Y. Bylinski, O. Kester, A. Gottberg, P. Schaffer, K. Hayashi, S. Koscielniak, M. Marchetto, F. Ames, TRIUMF in the ARIEL Era, in: IPAC2018 Proc, 2018, https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-MOXGB2. 
  3. D. Stracener, J. Beene, D. Dowling, R. Juras, Y. Liu, M. Meigs, A. Mendez, P. Mueller, J. Sinclair, B. Tatum, Holifield radioactive ion beam facility status, in: Part. Accel. Conf., PAC 09, 2010. FR5REP122. 
  4. M.T.T. Wilson, Remote handling and accelerators, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 30 (1983) 2138-2141, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1983.4332741. 
  5. G. Murdoch, Remote handling in high-power proton facilities, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2005.1590390, 174-178. 
  6. F. Amjad, H. Weick, J. Mattila, L. Orona, E. Kozlova, M. Winkler, K.H. Behr, C. Karagiannis, Survey on remote handling logistics for super-FRS regular paper, Int. J. Adv. Rob. Syst. 10 (2013), https://doi.org/10.5772/56848. 
  7. G. Minor, J. Kapalka, C. Fisher, W. Paley, K. Chen, M. Kinakin, I. Earle, B. Moss, P. Bricault, A. Gottberg, Remote handling systems for the ISAC and ARIEL high-power fission and spallation ISOL target facilities at TRIUMF, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 53 (2021) 1378-1389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2020.09.024. 
  8. C. Duchemin, J.P. Ramos, T. Stora, E. Ahmed, E. Aubert, N. Audouin, E. Barbero, V. Barozier, A.-P. Bernardes, P. Bertreix, A. Boscher, F. Bruchertseifer, R. Catherall, E. Chevallay, P. Christodoulou, K. Chrysalidis, T.E. Cocolios, J. Comte, B. Crepieux, M. Deschamps, K. Dockx, A. Dorsival, V.N. Fedosseev, P. Fernier, R. Formento-Cavaier, S. El Idrissi, P. Ivanov, V.M. Gadelshin, S. Gilardoni, J.-L. Grenard, F. Haddad, R. Heinke, B. Juif, U. Khalid, M. Khan, U. Koster, L. Lambert, G. Lilli, G. Lunghi, B.A. Marsh, Y.M. Palenzuela, R. Martins, S. Marzari, N. Menaa, N. Michel, M. Munos, F. Pozzi, F. Riccardi, J. Riegert, N. Riggaz, J.-Y. Rinchet, S. Rothe, B. Russell, C. Saury, T. Schneider, S. Stegemann, Z. Talip, C. Theis, J. Thiboud, N.P. van der Meulen, M. van Stenis, H. Vincke, J. Vollaire, N.-T. Vuong, B. Webster, K. Wendt, S.G. Wilkins, CERN-MEDICIS: a review since commissioning in 2017, Front. Med. 8 (2021), https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.693682. 
  9. M. Lewitowicz, The SPIRAL2 project and experiments with high-intensity rare isotope beams, J.Phys.Conf.Ser. 312 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/312/5/052014. 
  10. A. Andrighetto, M. Manzolaro, S. Corradetti, D. Scarpa, A. Monetti, M. Rossignoli, M. Ballan, F. Borgna, F. D'Agostini, F. Gramegna, G. Prete, G. Meneghetti, M. Ferrari, A. Zenoni, Spes: an intense source of neutron-rich radioactive beams at Legnaro, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 966 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/966/1/012028. 
  11. F. Gramegna, SPES, the LNL exotic beam ISOL facility, Nuovo Cim. Della Soc. Ital. Di Fis. C. 42 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1393/NCC/I2019-19061-6. 
  12. A. Andrighetto, L. Biasetto, M. Manzolaro, M. Barbui, G. Bisoffi, S. Carturan, M. Cinausero, F. Gramegna, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, C. Antonucci, S. Cevolani, C. Petrovich, P. Colombo, G. Meneghetti, P. Di Bernardo, P. Zanonato, I. Cristofolini, V. Fontanari, B. Monelli, R. Oboe, The SPES multi-foil direct target, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 266 (2008) 4257-4260, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2008.05.134. 
  13. A. Andrighetto, S. Corradetti, M. Ballan, F. Borgna, M. Manzolaro, D. Scarpa, A. Monetti, M. Rossignoli, R. Silingardi, A. Mozzi, A. Zenoni, G. Prete, The SPES High Power ISOL production target, Nuovo Cim. Della Soc. Ital. Di Fis. C. 38 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1393/ncc/i2015-15194-x. 
  14. M. Manzolaro, G. Meneghetti, A. Andrighetto, G. Vivian, F. D'Agostini, Thermal-electric coupled-field finite element modeling and experimental testing of high-temperature ion sources for the production of radioactive ion beams, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933081. 
  15. G. Bisoffi, G. Bassato, A. Battistella, J. Bermudez, D. Bortolato, S. Canella, B. Chalykh, M. Comunian, A. Facco, E. Fagotti, A. Galata, M. Giacchini, F. Gramegna, T. Lamy, P. Modanese, A. Palmieri, R. Pengo, A. Pisent, M. Poggi, A. Porcellato, C. Roncolato, D. Scarpa, ALPI setup as the SPES accelerator of exotic beams, EPJ Web Conf. 66 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJCONF/20146611003. 
  16. T. Marchi, et al., The SPES facility at Legnaro national laboratories, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1643 (2020), 12036, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1643/1/012036. 
  17. T. Nilsson, European RIB facilities - status and future, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 317 (2013) 194-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2013.06.037. 
  18. A. Andrighetto, M. Tosato, M. Ballan, S. Corradetti, F. Borgna, V. Di Marco, G. Marzaro, N. Realdon, The ISOLPHARM project: ISOL-based production of radionuclides for medical applications, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 322 (2019) 73-77, https://doi.org/10.1007/S10967-019-06698-0. 
  19. A. Monetti, A. Andrighetto, C. Petrovich, M. Manzolaro, S. Corradetti, D. Scarpa, F. Rossetto, F. Martinez Dominguez, J. Vasquez, M. Rossignoli, M. Calderolla, R. Silingardi, A. Mozzi, F. Borgna, G. Vivian, E. Boratto, M. Ballan, G. Prete, G. Meneghetti, The RIB production target for the SPES project, Eur. Phys. J. A. 51 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1140/EPJA/I2015-15128-6. 
  20. M. Manzolaro, S. Corradetti, M. Ballan, R. Salomoni, A. Andrighetto, G. Meneghetti, Thermal and mechanical characterization of carbides for high temperature nuclear applications, Materials 14 (2021) 2689, https://doi.org/10.3390/MA14102689. 
  21. S. Corradetti, S.M. Carturan, G. Maggioni, G. Franchin, P. Colombo, A. Andrighetto, Nanocrystalline titanium carbide/carbon composites as irradiation targets for isotopes production, Ceram. Int. 46 (2020) 9596-9605, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2019.12.225. 
  22. S. Corradetti, S. Carturan, L. Biasetto, A. Andrighetto, P. Colombo, Boron carbide as a target for the SPES project, J. Nucl. Mater. 432 (2013) 212-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUCMAT.2012.08.024. 
  23. Y. Zhang, I. Remec, G.D. Alton, Z. Liu, Simulation of rare isotope release from ISOL target, Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip. 620 (2010) 142-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMA.2010.04.015. 
  24. S. Corradetti, A. Andrighetto, M. Manzolaro, D. Scarpa, J. Vasquez, M. Rossignoli, A. Monetti, M. Calderolla, G. Prete, Research and development on materials for the SPES target, EPJ Web Conf. 66 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJCONF/20146611009. 
  25. D. Scarpa, L. Biasetto, S. Corradetti, M. Manzolaro, A. Andrighetto, S. Carturan, G. Prete, P. Zanonato, D.W. Stracener, Neutron-rich isotope production using the uranium carbide multi-foil SPES target prototype, Eur. Phys. J. A. 47 (2011) 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1140/EPJA/I2011-11032-5. 
  26. A. Monetti, R.A. Bark, A. Andrighetto, P. Beukes, J.L. Conradie, S. Corradetti, D. Fourie, C. Lussi, M. Manzolaro, G. Meneghetti, G. Prete, M. Rossignoli, D. Scarpa, P. Van Schalkwyk, N. Stoddart, J. Vasquez, On-line test using multi-foil SiC target at iThemba LABS, Eur. Phys. J. A 526 (52) (2016) 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1140/EPJA/I2016-16168-0. 
  27. A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala, A. Fasso, J. Ranft, FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code, cern. INFN TC05/11, SLAC-R-733, 2005, https://doi.org/10.2172/877507. 
  28. G. Battistoni, F. Cerutti, A. Fasso, A. Ferrari, S. Muraro, J. Ranft, S. Roesler, P.R. Sala, The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking, AIP Conf. Proc. 896 (2007) 31, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2720455. 
  29. T.T. Bohlen, F. Cerutti, M.P.W. Chin, A. Fasso, A. Ferrari, P.G. Ortega, A. Mairani, P.R. Sala, G. Smirnov, V. Vlachoudis, The FLUKA code: developments and challenges for high energy and medical applications, Nucl. Data Sheets 120 (2014) 211-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NDS.2014.07.049. 
  30. M. Manzolaro, F. D'Agostini, A. Monetti, A. Andrighetto, The SPES surface ionization source, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998246. 
  31. M. Manzolaro, A. Andrighetto, G. Meneghetti, A. Monetti, D. Scarpa, M. Rossignoli, J. Vasquez, S. Corradetti, M. Calderolla, G. Prete, Ongoing characterization of the forced electron beam induced arc discharge ion source for the selective production of exotic species facility, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4857175. 
  32. D. Scarpa, J. Vasquez, A. Tomaselli, D. Grassi, L. Biasetto, A. Cavazza, S. Corradetti, M. Manzolaro, J. Montano, A. Andrighetto, G. Prete, Studies for aluminum photoionization in hot cavity for the selective production of exotic species project, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3673628. 
  33. J.P. Ramos, Thick solid targets for the production and online release of radioisotopes: the importance of the material characteristics - a review, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 463 (2020) 201-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2019.05.045. 
  34. S. Corradetti, M. Manzolaro, S.M.M. Carturan, M. Ballan, L. Centofante, G. Lilli, A. Monetti, L. Morselli, D. Scarpa, A. Donzella, A. Zenoni, A. Andrighetto, The SPES target production and characterization, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 488 (2021) 12-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2020.12.003. 
  35. D. Battini, G. Donzella, A. Avanzini, A. Zenoni, M. Ferrari, A. Donzella, S. Pandini, F. Bignotti, A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, Experimental testing and numerical simulations for life prediction of gate valve O-rings exposed to mixed neutron and gamma fields, Mater. Des. 156 (2018) 514-527, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2018.07.020. 
  36. J. Vasquez, R. Oboe, A. Andrighetto, I. Cristofolini, M. Guerzoni, A. Margotti, G. Meneghetti, D. Scarpa, M. Bertocco, G. Prete, The SPES target chamber remote handling system, in: 2013 IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatronics, ICM 2013, 2013, pp. 356-360, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2013.6518562. 
  37. L. Centofante, A. Donzella, A. Zenoni, M. Ferrari, M. Ballan, S. Corradetti, F. D'Agostini, G. Lilli, M. Manzolaro, A. Monetti, L. Morselli, D. Scarpa, A. Andrighetto, Study of the radioactive contamination of the ion source complex in the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) facility, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92 (2021), 53304, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0045063. 
  38. M. Ferrari, A. Zenoni, M. Hartl, Y. Lee, A. Andrighetto, A. Monetti, A. Salvini, F. Zelaschi, Experimental study of consistency degradation of different greases in mixed neutron and gamma radiation, Heliyon 5 (2019), e02489, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2019.E02489. 
  39. A. Donzella, A. Zenoni, M. Ferrari, A. Andrighetto, M. Ballan, F. Borgna, S. Corradetti, F. D'Agostini, M. Manzolaro, A. Monetti, M. Rossignoli, D. Scarpa, D. Turcato, A. Zanettin, Shielding analysis of the SPES targets handling system and storage area using the Monte Carlo code FLUKA, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 463 (2020) 169-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.05.069. 
  40. International Atomic Energy Agency, Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste from the Use of Radioactive Material in Medicine, Industry, Agriculture, Research and Education, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-45, IAEA, Vienna, 2019. 
  41. International Atomic Energy Agency, Classification of Radioactive Waste, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1, IAEA, Vienna, 2009. 
  42. International Atomic Energy Agency, Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 5, IAEA, Vienna, 2009. 
  43. D. Benini, M.L. Allegrini, P.L. de Ruvo, G. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Zafiropoulos, The SPES access control system, LNL Annu. Rep. (2019), 2018. 
  44. P.L. de Ruvo, M.L. Allegrini, D. Benini, G. Prete, Functional architecture of SPES safety system, LNL Annu. Rep. (2020) 259, 2019. 
  45. D. Benini, M.L. Allegrini, P.L. de Ruvo, G. Prete, Security procedures for the SPES building access control system, LNL Annu. Rep. (2020) 259, 2019. 
  46. G. Peserico, A. Morato, F. Tramarin, S. Vitturi, Functional safety networks and protocols in the industrial internet of things era, Sensors 21 (2021) 6073, https://doi.org/10.3390/S21186073. 
  47. L.R. Dalesio, J.O. Hill, M. Kraimer, S. Lewis, D. Murray, S. Hunt, W. Watson, M. Clausen, J. Dalesio, The experimental physics and industrial control system architecture: past, present, and future, Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip. 352 (1994) 179-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91493-1. 
  48. D.F. Wirth, S. Roesler, M. Silari, M. Streit-Bianchi, C. Theis, H.H. Vincke, H.H. Vincke, Radiation protection at CERN, cern accel. Sch. High power hadron mach, in: CAS 2011 - Proc, 2013, pp. 415-436, https://doi.org/10.5170/CERN-2013-001.415. 
  49. A. Donzella, M. Ferrari, A. Zenoni, D. Paderno, I. Bodini, V. Villa, M. Ballan, L. Centofante, A. Monetti, C. Petrovich, L. Zangrando, A. Andrighetto, Residual activation of the SPES Front-End system: a comparative study between the MCNPX and FLUKA codes, Eur. Phys. J. A. 56 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00068-1. 
  50. D.B. Pelowitz, J.W. Durkee, J.S. Elson, M.L. Fensin, J.S. Hendricks, M.R. James, R.C. Johns, G.W. Mckinney, S.G. Mashnik, J.M. Verbeke, L.S. Waters, T.A. Wilcox, MCNPX User's Manual. Version 2.7.0, Los Alamos Natl. Lab. LA-CP-11-00438, 2011. 
  51. Decreto Legislativo 31 luglio 2020, n.101, Attuazione della direttiva 2013/59/Euratom, che stabilisce norme fondamentali di sicurezza relative alla protezione contro i pericoli derivanti dall'esposizione alle radiazioni ionizzanti, vol. 12, 2020.