Acknowledgement
The data in our study were obtained from the database of a randomized controlled trial by the LOCAT Group.
References
- Kim K, Kim YH, Kim SY, Kim S, Lee YJ, Kim KP, et al. Lowdose abdominal CT for evaluating suspected appendicitis. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1596-1605 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1110734
- LOCAT Group. Low-dose CT for the diagnosis of appendicitis in adolescents and young adults (LOCAT): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;2:793-804 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30247-9
- Rud B, Vejborg TS, Rappeport ED, Reitsma JB, Wille-Jorgensen P. Computed tomography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;2019:CD009977
- Park JH, Salminen P, Tannaphai P, Lee KH. Low-dose abdominal CT for evaluating suspected appendicitis in adolescents and young adults: review of evidence. Korean J Radiol 2022;23:517-528 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2021.0596
- Kim HJ, Lee KH, Kim MJ, Park SB, Ko Y; LOCAT Group. Using 2-mSv appendiceal CT in usual practice for adolescents and young adults: willingness survey of 579 radiologists, emergency physicians, and surgeons from 20 hospitals. Korean J Radiol 2020;21:68-76 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2019.0010
- Hunter TB, Taljanovic MS, Krupinski E, Ovitt T, Stubbs AY. Academic radiologists' on-call and late-evening duties. J Am Coll Radiol 2007;4:716-719 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2007.06.012
- Bruno MA, Duncan JR, Bierhals AJ, Tappouni R. Overnight resident versus 24-hour attending radiologist coverage in academic medical centers. Radiology 2018;289:809-813 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2018180690
- Carney E, Kempf J, DeCarvalho V, Yudd A, Nosher J. Preliminary interpretations of after-hours CT and sonography by radiology residents versus final interpretations by body imaging radiologists at a level 1 trauma center. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:367-373 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.2.1810367
- Branstetter BF 4th, Morgan MB, Nesbit CE, Phillips JA, Lionetti DM, Chang PJ, et al. Preliminary reports in the emergency department: is a subspecialist radiologist more accurate than a radiology resident? Acad Radiol 2007;14:201-206 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2006.11.001
- Cooper VF, Goodhartz LA, Nemcek AA Jr, Ryu RK. Radiology resident interpretations of on-call imaging studies: the incidence of major discrepancies. Acad Radiol 2008;15:1198-1204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2008.02.011
- Kung JW, Melenevsky Y, Hochman MG, Didolkar MM, Yablon CM, Eisenberg RL, et al. On-call musculoskeletal radiographs: discrepancy rates between radiology residents and musculoskeletal radiologists. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;200:856-859 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9100
- Tomich J, Retrouvey M, Shaves S. Emergency imaging discrepancy rates at a level 1 trauma center: identifying the most common on-call resident "misses". Emerg Radiol 2013;20:499-505 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-013-1146-4
- Issa G, Taslakian B, Itani M, Hitti E, Batley N, Saliba M, et al. The discrepancy rate between preliminary and official reports of emergency radiology studies: a performance indicator and quality improvement method. Acta Radiol 2015;56:598-604 https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185114532922
- Weinberg BD, Richter MD, Champine JG, Morriss MC, Browning T. Radiology resident preliminary reporting in an independent call environment: multiyear assessment of volume, timeliness, and accuracy. J Am Coll Radiol 2015;12:95-100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2014.08.005
- Mellnick V, Raptis C, McWilliams S, Picus D, Wahl R. On-call radiology resident discrepancies: categorization by patient location and severity. J Am Coll Radiol 2016;13:1233-1238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.04.020
- Vaattovaara E, Nikki M, Nevalainen M, Ilmarinen M, Tervonen O. Discrepancies in interpretation of night-time emergency computed tomography scans by radiology residents. Acta Radiol Open 2018;7:2058460118807234
- Yang HK, Ko Y, Lee MH, Woo H, Ahn S, Kim B, et al. Initial performance of radiologists and radiology residents in interpreting low-dose (2-mSv) appendiceal CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;205:W594-W611 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.15.14513
- Chang CC, Wong YC, Wu CH, Chen HW, Wang LJ, Lee YH, et al. Diagnostic performance on low dose computed tomography for acute appendicitis among attending and resident radiologists. Iran J Radiol 2016;13:e33222
- Low-dOse CT of Appendicitis Trial (LOCAT). What is LOCAT? LOCAT.com. Web site. https://www.locat.org. Published June 13, 2017. Accessed January 5, 2023
- Cho J, Kim Y, Lee S, Min HD, Ko Y, Chee CG, et al. Appendiceal visualization on 2-mSv CT vs. conventional-dose CT in adolescents and young adults with suspected appendicitis: an analysis of large pragmatic randomized trial data. Korean J Radiol 2022;23:413-425 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2021.0504
- Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Schulz KF, Ravaud P; CONSORT Group. Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:295-309 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008
- Zwarenstein M, Treweek S, Gagnier JJ, Altman DG, Tunis S, Haynes B, et al. Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. BMJ 2008;337:a2390
- Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig L, et al. STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. Radiology 2015;277:826-832 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2015151516
- Ahn S, LOCAT Group. LOCAT (low-dose computed tomography for appendicitis trial) comparing clinical outcomes following lowvs standard-dose computed tomography as the first-line imaging test in adolescents and young adults with suspected acute appendicitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:28
- Park SB, Kim MJ, Ko Y, Sim JY, Kim HJ, Lee KH; LOCAT Group. Structured reporting versus free-text reporting for appendiceal computed tomography in adolescents and young adults: preference survey of 594 referring physicians, surgeons, and radiologists from 20 hospitals. Korean J Radiol 2019;20:246-255 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.0109
- Birnbaum BA, Wilson SR. Appendicitis at the millennium. Radiology 2000;215:337-348 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.215.2.r00ma24337
- Pinto Leite N, Pereira JM, Cunha R, Pinto P, Sirlin C. CT evaluation of appendicitis and its complications: imaging techniques and key diagnostic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185:406-417 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.185.2.01850406
- National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. National Institutes of Health. com Web site. http://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/ electronic_applications/ctc.htm#ctc_40. Published June 14, 2010. Accessed January 5, 2023
- Velanovich V, Satava R. Balancing the normal appendectomy rate with the perforated appendicitis rate: implications for quality assurance. Am Surg 1992;58:264-269
- Mehrotra DV, Chan IS, Berger RL. A cautionary note on exact unconditional inference for a difference between two independent binomial proportions. Biometrics 2003;59:441-450 https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-0420.00051
- Lietzen E, Salminen P, Rinta-Kiikka I, Paajanen H, Rautio T, Nordstrom P, et al. The accuracy of the computed tomography diagnosis of acute appendicitis: does the experience of the radiologist matter? Scand J Surg 2018;107:43-47 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496917731189
- Ceydeli A, Lavotshkin S, Yu J, Wise L. When should we order a CT scan and when should we rely on the results to diagnose an acute appendicitis? Curr Surg 2006;63:464-468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cursur.2006.06.008
- Poortman P, Lohle PN, Schoemaker CM, Cuesta MA, Oostvogel HJ, de Lange-de Klerk ES, et al. Improving the false-negative rate of CT in acute appendicitis-reassessment of CT images by body imaging radiologists: a blinded prospective study. Eur J Radiol 2010;74:67-70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.12.012
- Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Pocock SJ, Evans SJ, Altman DG; CONSORT Group. Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement. JAMA 2012;308:2594-2604 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.87802
- Park SH, Ahn S, Hong N, Park JH, Hwang SS, Lee KH. Quality of reporting noninferiority/similarity in research studies of diagnostic imaging. Radiology 2014;270:241-247 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13130967
- Bhangu A, Soreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT. Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 2015;386:1278-1287 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00275-5
- Sippola S, Gronroos J, Sallinen V, Rautio T, Nordstrom P, Rantanen T, et al. A randomised placebo-controlled doubleblind multicentre trial comparing antibiotic therapy with placebo in the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: APPAC III trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2018;8:e023623