Advances in concrete construction

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Service life evaluation of HPC with increasing surface chlorides from field data in different sea conditions

  • Jong-Suk Lee (Department of Structural Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Keun-Hyeok Yang (Department of Plant and Architectural Engineering, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Yong-Sik Yoon (Korean Peninsula Infrastructure Special Committee, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Jin-Won Nam (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Inha Technical College) ;
  • Seug-Jun Kwon (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University)
  • Received : 2023.07.03
  • Accepted : 2023.11.20
  • Published : 2023.09.25
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Abstract

The penetrated chloride in concrete has different behavior with mix proportions and local exposure conditions, even in the same environments, so that it is very important to quantify surface chloride contents for durability design. As well known, the surface chloride content which is a key parameter like external loading in structural safety design increases with exposure period. In this study, concrete samples containing OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement), GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), and FA (Fly Ash) had been exposed to submerged, tidal, and splash area for 5 years, then the surface chloride contents changing with exposure period were evaluated. The surface chloride contents were obtained from the chloride profile based on the Fick's 2nd Law, and the regression analysis for them was performed with exponential and square root function. After exposure period of 5 years in submerged and tidal area conditions, the surface chloride content of OPC concrete increased to 6.4 kg/m3 - 7.3 kg/m3, and the surface chloride content of GGBFS concrete was evaluated as 7.3 kg/m3 - 11.5 kg/m3. In the higher replacement ratio of GGBFS, the higher surface chloride contents were evaluated. The surface chloride content in FA concrete showed a range of 6.7 kg/m3 to 9.9 kg/m3, which was the intermediate level of OPC and GGBFS concrete. In the case of splash area, the surface chloride contents in all specimens were from 0.59 kg/m3 to 0.75 kg/m3, which was the lowest of all exposure conditions. Experimental constants available for durability design of chloride ingress were derived through regression analysis over exposure period. In the concrete with GGBFS replacement ratio of 50%, the increase rate of surface chloride contents decreased rapidly as the water to binder ratio increased.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea (20210603), and also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) No. NRF-2020R1A2C2009462).

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