Acknowledgement
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
References
- Conrad SA, Broman LM, Taccone FS, et al. The extracorporeal life support organization maastricht treaty for nomenclature in extracorporeal life support: a position paper of the extracorporeal life support organization. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;198:447-51. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201710-2130CP
- Mattox KL, Beall AC Jr. Resuscitation of the moribund patient using portable cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22:436-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)64452-9
- del Nido PJ, Dalton HJ, Thompson AE, Siewers RD. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator rescue in children during cardiac arrest after cardiac surgery. Circulation 1992;86(5 Suppl):II300-4.
- Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, et al. Part 14: pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010;122(18 Suppl 3):S876-908. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971101
- Garcia Guerra G, Zorzela L, Robertson CM, et al. Survival and neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric extracorporeal-cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2015;96:208-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.034
- Ortmann L, Prodhan P, Gossett J, et al. Outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest in children with cardiac disease: a report from Get With the Guidelines: Resuscitation. Circulation 2011;124:2329-37. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.013466
- Lasa JJ, Rogers RS, Localio R, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) during pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is associated with improved survival to discharge: a report from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) Registry. Circulation 2016;133:165-76. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016082
- Meert KL, Guerguerian AM, Barbaro R, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: one-year survival and neurobehavioral outcome among infants and children with in-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2019;47:393-402. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003545
- Torres-Andres F, Fink EL, Bell MJ, Sharma MS, Yablonsky EJ, Sanchez-de-Toledo J. Survival and long-term functional outcomes for children with cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2018;19:451-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001524
- Matos RI, Watson RS, Nadkarni VM, et al. Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and illness category impact survival and neurologic outcomes for in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrests. Circulation 2013;127:442-51. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.125625
- Kim DH, Kim JB, Jung SH, Choo SJ, Chung CH, Lee JW. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: predictors of survival. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;49:273-9. https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2016.49.4.273
- Chan T, Thiagarajan RR, Frank D, Bratton SL. Survival after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infants and children with heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;136:984-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.03.007
- Erek E, Aydin S, Suzan D, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory cardiac arrest in children after cardiac surgery. Anatol J Cardiol 2017;17:328-33. https://doi.org/10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.6658
- Philip J, Burgman C, Bavare A, et al. Nature of the underlying heart disease affects survival in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:2367-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.03.023
- Kane DA, Thiagarajan RR, Wypij D, et al. Rapid-response extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children with cardiac disease. Circulation 2010;122(11 Suppl):S241-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928390
- Soar J, Maconochie I, Wyckoff MH, et al. 2019 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 2019;145:95-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.10.016
- Soar J, Maconochie I, Wyckoff MH, et al. 2019 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations: summary from the basic life support; advanced life support; pediatric life support; neonatal life support; education, implementation, and teams; and first aid task forces. Circulation 2019;140:e826-80. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000734
- Alsoufi B, Awan A, Manlhiot C, et al. Results of rapid-response extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children with refractory cardiac arrest following cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;45:268-75. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezt319
- Tsukahara K, Toida C, Muguruma T. Current experience and limitations of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest in children: a single-center retrospective study. J Intensive Care 2014;2:68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-014-0068-x
- Sivarajan VB, Best D, Brizard CP, Shekerdemian LS, d'Udekem Y, Butt W. Duration of resuscitation prior to rescue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation impacts outcome in children with heart disease. Intensive Care Med 2011;37:853-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2168-6
- Huang SC, Wu ET, Chen YS, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescue for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric patients. Crit Care Med 2008;36:1607-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e318170b82b
- Delmo Walter EM, Alexi-Meskishvili V, Huebler M, et al. Rescue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with refractory cardiac arrest. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011;12:929-34. https://doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2010.254193
- Wolf MJ, Kanter KR, Kirshbom PM, Kogon BE, Wagoner SF. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric cardiac patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:874-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.04.040
- Kelly RB, Harrison RE. Outcome predictors of pediatric extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatr Cardiol 2010;31:626-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-010-9659-z
- Prodhan P, Fiser RT, Dyamenahalli U, et al. Outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) following refractory pediatric cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit. Resuscitation 2009;80:1124-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.07.004
- Morris MC, Wernovsky G, Nadkarni VM. Survival outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation instituted during active chest compressions following refractory in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004;5:440-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pcc.0000137356.58150.2e
- De Mul A, Nguyen DA, Doell C, Perez MH, Cannizzaro V, Karam O. Prognostic evaluation of mortality after pediatric resuscitation assisted by extracorporeal life support. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2019;8:57-63. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667012
- McMullan DM, Thiagarajan RR, Smith KM, Rycus PT, Brogan TV. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes in term and premature neonates*. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2014;15:e9-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182a553f3