Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical study on stability and deformation of retaining wall according to groundwater drawdown

  • Hyunsung Lim (Department of Wind Power Business, Hanwha Corporation/E&C) ;
  • Jongjeon Park (Department of Civil Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jaehong Kim (Department of Civil Engineering, Dongshin University) ;
  • Junyoung Ko (Department of Civil Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2022.11.29
  • Accepted : 2023.04.06
  • Published : 2023.04.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, the ground settlement in backside of retaining wall and the behavior of the retaining wall were analyzed according to the method of groundwater drawdown due to excavation by using two-dimensional(2D) finite element analysis. Numerical analysis was performed by applying 1) fixed groundwater level, 2) constant groundwater drawdown, and 3) transient groundwater drawdown. In addition, the behavior of the retaining wall according to the initial groundwater level, ground conditions, and surcharge pressure in backside of retaining wall was evaluated. Based on the numerical analysis results, it was confirmed that when the groundwater level is at 0.1H from the ground surface (H: Excavation soil height), the wall displacement and ground settlement are not affected by the method of groundwater drawdown, regardless of soil conditions (dense or loose) and surcharge pressure. On the other hand, when the groundwater level is at 0.5H from the ground surface, the method of groundwater drawdown was found to have a significant effect on wall displacement and ground settlement. In this case, the difference in ground settlement presents by up to 4 times depending on the method of groundwater drawdown, and the surcharge load could increase the ground settlement by up to 1.5 times.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by research fund of Chungnam National University and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1C1C1011477).

References

  1. ACI 318 (2011), Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute; Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  2. Bahrami, M., Khodakarami, M.I. and Haddad, A. (2018), "3D numerical investigation of the effect of wall penetration depth on excavations behavior in sand", Comput. Geotech., 98, 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.02.009.
  3. Caspe, M.S. (1966), "Surface settlement adjacent to braced open cuts", J. Soil Mech. Found. Division - ASCE, 92(4), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000889
  4. Cho, J.Y., Lim, H.S., Jeong, S.S. and Kim, K.Y. (2015), "Analysis of lateral earth pressure on a vertical circular shaft by considering the 3D arching effect", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 48, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.01.002.
  5. Clough, G.W. and O'Rourke, T.D. (1990), "Construction induced movements of in situ walls", Proccedings of the Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, 439.470. Reston, VA: ASCE.
  6. Day, R.A. and Potts, D.M. (1993), "Modelling sheet pile retaining walls", Comput. Geotech., 15(3), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(93)90009-V
  7. Fara, H.D. and Wright, F.D. (1963), "Plastic and elastic stresses around a circular shaft in a hydrostatic stress field", Society of Mining Engineers, 319-320.
  8. Grande, L., Soreide, O.K. and Tefera, T.H. (2002), "Large scale model testing on the moment distribution and deformation behaviour of a sheet pile wall", Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Soil Structure Interaction in Urban Civil Engineering, Swill Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
  9. Goh, A.T.C., Zhang, F., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y. and Liu, H. (2017b), "A simple estimation model for 3D braced excavation wall deflection." Comput. Geotech., 83, 106.113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo .2016.10.022.
  10. Hsieh, P.G. and Ou, C.Y. (1998), "Shape of ground surface settlement profiles caused by excavation", Can. Geotech. J., 35(6), 1004.1017. https://doi.org/10.1139/t98-056.
  11. Jang, J.B. (2007), "A study on design water pressures by transient flow on walls due to excavation", PhD thesis, Sungkyunkwan University
  12. Jeong, S.S. and Seo, D.H. (2004), "Analysis of tieback walls using proposed p-y curves for coupled soil springs", Comput. Geotech., 31(6), 443-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2004.05.003.
  13. Karlsrud, K. and Andresen, L. (2005), "Loads on braced excavation in soft clay", Int. J. Geomech., 5(2), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2005)5:2(107).
  14. Krabbenhoft, K., Damkilde, L. and Krabbenhoft, S. (2005), "Ultimate limit state design of sheet pile walls by finite elements and nonlinear programming", Comput. Struct., 83(4-5), 383-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.08.016.
  15. Kim, D.H., Lee, D.S., Kim, K.R. and and Lee, I.M. (2009), "Earth pressures acting on vertical circular shafts considering arching effects in soils: I. Theory", J. Tunn. Technol., 11(2), 117-129.
  16. Kim, D.H., Lee, K.H. and Lee, I.M. (2011), "Seepage-induced behaviour of a circular vertical shaft", J. Tunn. Technol., 13(6), 431-450.
  17. Lee, C.I., Kim, E.K., Park, J.S. and Lee, Y.J. (2018), "Preliminary numerical analysis of controllable prestressed wale system for deep excavation", Geomech. Eng., 15(5), 1061-1070. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.5.1061.
  18. Li, Y., Zhang, W. and Zhang, R. (2022), "Numerical investigation on performance of braced excavation considering soil stress-induced anisotropy", Acta Geotech., 17, 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01171-3
  19. Lim, H., Park, D., Y., Ko, K., S.(2001), "Settlement prediction of adjacent ground due to urban ground excavation", J. Korean Soc. Civil Engineers, 21(1), 39-47.
  20. Nam, K., Kim, J., Kwak, D., Rehman, H. and Yoo, H. (2020), "Structure damage estimation due to tunnel excavation based on indoor model test", Geomech. Eng., 21(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.2.095.
  21. Oh, S.Y. (2008), "Analysis of settlement trough of railroad by adjacent circular shaft excavation", Yooshin Engineering Co., 15, 104-112.
  22. Ou, C.Y., Hsieh, P.O. and Chiou, D.C. (1993), "Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation", Can. Geotech. J., 30(5), 758-767. https://doi.org/10.1139/t93-068.
  23. Ou, C.Y., Liao, J.T. and Lin, H.D. (1998), "Performance of diaphragm wall constructed using top-down method", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(9), 798-808. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:9(798).
  24. Park, C.M. (2018), "A Development of the evaluation chart for tunnelling-induced ground settlement in the pProcess of underground safety impact assessment", PhD thesis, Suwon University.
  25. Potts, D.M. and Fourie, A.B. (1984), "The behavior of a propped retaining wall: results of a numerical experiment", Geotechnique, 34(3), 383-404. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.3.383.
  26. Poh, T.Y. andWong, I.H. (1998), "Effects of construction of diaphragm wall panels on adjacent ground: Field trial", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(8), 749-756. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:8(749).
  27. Qian, J., Tong, Y., Mu, L., Lu, Q. and Zhao, H. (2020), "A displacement controlled method for evaluating ground settlement induced by excavation in clay", Geomech. Eng., 20(4), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.4.275.
  28. Shin, Y.W., Park, T.S. and Lee, I.K. (2005), "A method of estimating earth pressure on a shaft wall and ground settlement caused by excavation", Proceedings of the KSCE Tunnel Committee Special Conference, 151-167.
  29. Shin, B.W. and Lee, H.G. (2005), "Seepage behavior with unsaturated soil-water characteristic in reclaimed deep excavation area", J. Korean Geoenviorn. Soc., 6(4), 47-58.
  30. Tan, Y. and Paikowsky, S.G. (2008), "Performance of sheet pile wall in peat", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(4), 445-458. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:4(445)
  31. Wong, I.H. and Poh, T.Y. (2000), "Effects of jet grouting on adjacent ground and structures", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(3), 247. 256.
  32. Wong, R.C.K. and Kaiser, P.K. (1988a), "Design and performance evaluation of vertical shafts : Rational shaft design method and verifcation of design method", Can. Geotech. J., 25, 320-337. https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-034.
  33. Yang, K.S. (1997), "Analysis of perimetrical ground settlement behavior for deep excavations in urban areas", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 13(2), 101-124.
  34. Yang, T.H., Liu, J., Zhu, W.C., Elsworth, D., Tham, L.G. and Tang, C.A. (2007), A coupledflow-stress-damage model for groundwater outbursts from an underlying aquifer into mining excavation", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 44(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.04.012
  35. Yoo, C.S. (2004), "Investigation on tunneling and groundwater interaction using a 3D stress-pore pressure coupled analysis", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 20(3), 24-32
  36. Xu, C.J., Ding, H.B., Luo, W.J., Tong, L.H., Chen, Q.S. and Deng, J.L. (2020), "Experimental and numerical study on performance of long-short combined retaining piles", Geomech. Eng., 20(3), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae. 2020.20.3.255.
  37. Zhang, W., Goh, A.T.C. and Xuan, F. (2015), "A simple prediction model for wall deflection caused by braced excavation in clays", Comput. Geotech., 63, 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.09.001.
  38. Zhang, W.G., Goh, A.T.C., Goh, K.H., Chew, O.Y.S., Zhou, D. and Zhang, R. (2018b), "Performance of braced excavation in residual soil with groundwater drawdown", Undergr. Sp., 3(2), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2018.03.002.
  39. Zhang, W., Wang, W., Zhou, D., Zhang, R., Goh, A.T.C. and Hou, Z. (2018a), "Influence of groundwater drawdown on excavation responses. A case history in Bukit Timah granitic residual soils", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 10(5), 856-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.04.006.