Geomechanics and Engineering

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New energy partitioning method in essential work of fracture (EWF) concept for 3-D printed pristine/recycled HDPE blends

  • Sukjoon Na (Department of Civil Engineering, Marshall University) ;
  • Ahmet Oruc (Department of Civil Engineering, Marshall University) ;
  • Claire Fulks (Department of Civil Engineering, Marshall University) ;
  • Travis Adams (Department of Civil Engineering, Marshall University) ;
  • Dal Hyung Kim (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University) ;
  • Sanghoon Lee (Department of Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Marshall University) ;
  • Sungmin Youn (Department of Civil Engineering, Marshall University)
  • Received : 2022.11.10
  • Accepted : 2023.02.08
  • Published : 2023.04.25
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Abstract

This study explores a new energy partitioning approach to determine the fracture toughness of 3-D printed pristine/recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends employing the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept. The traditional EWF approach conducts a uniaxial tensile test with double-edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens and measures the total energy defined by the area under a load-displacement curve until failure. The approach assumes that the entire total energy contributes to the fracture process only. This assumption is generally true for extruded polymers that fracture occurs in a material body. In contrast to the traditional extrusion manufacturing process, the current 3-D printing technique employs fused deposition modeling (FDM) that produces layer-by-layer structured specimens. This type of specimen tends to include separation energy even after the complete failure of specimens when the fracture test is conducted. The separation is not relevant to the fracture process, and the raw experimental data are likely to possess random variation or noise during fracture testing. Therefore, the current EWF approach may not be suitable for the fracture characterization of 3-D printed specimens. This paper proposed a new energy partitioning approach to exclude the irrelevant energy of the specimens caused by their intrinsic structural issues. The approach determined the energy partitioning location based on experimental data and observations. Results prove that the new approach provided more consistent results with a higher coefficient of correlation.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research has been supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) People, Prosperity and the Planet (P3) Student Design Competition program. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Agency. EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Marshall University Molecular and Biological Imaging Center for the SEM part of the work, and we thank Michael L. Norton and David Neff for their training and assistance.

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