Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Harmful Cyanobacteria Occurrence Characteristics and Effects of Environmental Factors

덕동호 유해남조류 출현 특성 및 환경요인 영향 분석

  • Dong-Gyun Hong (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hae-Kyung Park (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yong-jin Kim (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 홍동균 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 박혜경 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김용진 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소)
  • Received : 2022.01.19
  • Accepted : 2022.12.28
  • Published : 2023.01.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study analyzed the relationship between harmful cyanobacterial abundance and environmental factors in order to figure out the causes of the recent increase of cyanobacteria in Lake Dukdong from 2019 to 2021. Lake Dukdong, which is used as a drinking water source for Gyeongju City, has an algae alert system in place. Lake Dukdong has maintained good water quality, but algae alert level 1 (over 1,000 cells/mL) has been issued in recent years. As a result of Pearson correlation analysis (from May to Oct.), the cell density of Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, which form part of the most harmful cyanobacteria genus, were significantly positively correlated with the water temperature and water storage volume. T-test was performed to compare the data from 2016-2018 and 2019-2021 (from May to Oct.). The average density of harmful cyanobacteria cells increased about six-fold from 54 to 344 cells/mL. There were significant differences in water temperature, pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TN/TP ratio, water storage volume, and cyanobacterial cell density. Water temperature increased from 19.2 to 22.8 ℃. TP concentration increased from 0.017 to 0.028 mg/L. The main cause of the recent increase of harmful cyanobacteria in Lake Dukdong is thought to be the increase in water temperature, TP concentration, and water storage volume from 2019 and 2021, resulting in more favorable conditions for cyanobacterial growth.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 환경부의 재원으로 국립환경과학원의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다(NIER-2018-03-03-003).

References

  1. Ahn, C. Y., Lee, C. S., Choi, J. W., Lee, S., and Oh, H. M. (2015). Global occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and N, P-limitation strategy for bloom control, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, 33(1), 1-6. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.1.001
  2. Ahn, J. B. and Kim, H. J (2010). Characteristics of monsoon climate in the Korean peninsula, Journal of Climate Research 5(2), 91-99. [Korean Literature]
  3. Bae, B. U., Lee, Y. J., and Lim, M. G. (2008). Comparison of taste and odor in raw water from the main Daecheong reservoir and its regulating reservoir downstream, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 24(5), 598-602. [Korean Literature]
  4. Choi, Y. A., Han, N. S., Lim, E. G., Kim, Y. M., Choun, C. J., and Lee, B. H. (2013). Characteristics of cyanobacterial occurrence and concentration distribution of cyanotoxins in Hoeya reservoir, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 35(12), 943-952. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2013.35.12.943
  5. Chung, H., Son, M., Ryu, H.-S., Park, C. H., Lee, R., Cho, M., and Kim, K. (2019). Variation of cyanobacteria occurrence pattern and environmental factors in lake Juam, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, 37(4), 640-651. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2019.37.4.640
  6. Fadel, A., Atoui, A., Lemaire, B. J., Vincon-Leite, B., and Slim, K. (2015). Environmental factors associated with phytoplankton succession in a Mediterranean reservoir with a highly fluctuating water level, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187(10), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4167-x
  7. Gyeongju city. (2021). Dukdong dam storage, Gyeongju city, Korea. (unpublished data)
  8. Hong, D. G., Jeong, K. S., Kim, D. K., and Joo., G. J. (2018). Long-term ecological research in the Nakdong river: Application of ecological informatics to harmful algal blooms, Ecological Informatics, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59928-1_20.
  9. Kang, P. G., Lee, S. J., Byeon, M. S., Yoon, S., Kim, H. N., Lee, J. K., and Hwang, S. J. (2014). Current status and perspectives in the akinete study of the blue-green algal genus Anabaena, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 47(1), 1-12. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2014.47.1.001
  10. Kim, G. H., Lee, J. H., and An, K. G. (2012). Spatio-temporal fluctuations with influences of inflowing tributary streams on water quality in Daecheong reservoir, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 45(2), 158-173. [Korean Literature]
  11. Kim, H. B., Park, H. K., Shin, K., and Moon, J. S. (2010). The characteristics of toxin production in the Korean toxic cyanobacteria, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 26(5), 834-840. [Korean Literature]
  12. Kim, H. S. and Hwang, S. J. (2004). Analysis of eutrophication based on chlorophyll-a, depth and limnological characteristics in Korean reservoirs, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 37(2), 213-226. [Korean Literature]
  13. Kim, J. M., Heo, S. N., Noh, H. R., Yang, H. J., and Han, M. S. (2003). Relationship between limnological characteristics and algal bloom in lake-type and river-type reservoirs, Korea, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 36(2), 124-138. [Korean Literature]
  14. Kim, Y. J., Kim, H. S., and Chung, J. (1991). Seasonal variation of pytoplankton in Tokdong and Pomun lakes, Korean Journal of Limnology, 24(4), 251-263. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.1991.24.2.446
  15. Komarek, J. (2013). Susswasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bd. 19/3: cyanoprokaryota. 3. Teil/3rd part: heterocytous genera, Spektrum Academischer Berlin, Heidelberg, 1-1131.
  16. Komarek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (2007). Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 19/2: Cyanoprokaryota: Bd. 2/Part 2: Oscillatoriales, Spektrum Academischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1-759.
  17. Kong, D. and Kim, B. (2019). Suggestion for trophic state classification of Korean lakes, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 35(3), 248-256. [Korean Literature]
  18. Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). (2021). Weather Data Open Portal, http://data.kma.go.kr (accessed Nov. 2021).
  19. Lee, H. J., Park, H. K., Heo, J., Lee, H. J., and Hong, D. G. (2018). Colonial cyanobacteria, Microcystis cell density variations using ultrasonic treatment, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 34(2), 210-215. [Korean Literature]
  20. Lee, H. M., Shin, R. Y., Lee, J. H., and Park, J. G. (2019). A study on the relationship between cyanobacteria and environmental factors in Yeongcheon lake, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 35(4), 352-361. [Korean Literature]
  21. Lee, K. L., Jheong, W. H., Kang, Y. H., and Kim, H. S. (2009). Evaluation of the potential human health risk associated with the microcystin bioaccumulation in the freshwater fish from lake Yeongcheon and lake Daecheong, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 42(3), 331-339. [Korean Literature]
  22. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2022). Standard Method for the Examination of Water Pollution, Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  23. National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). (2012a). Algal Flora of Korea, Freshwater Cyanoprokaryota I, National Institute of Biological Resources.
  24. National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). (2012b). Algal Flora of Korea, Freshwater Cyanoprokaryota II, National Institute of Biological Resources.
  25. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2020), Operating Manual of Harmful Algae Alert System, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea. [Korean Literature]
  26. Noh, S. Y., Park, H. K., Choi, H. L., and Lee, J. A. (2014). Effect of climate change for cyanobacteria growth pattern in Chudong station of lake Daechung, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 30(4), 377-385. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2014.30.4.377
  27. Park, H. K., Jheong, W. H., Kwon, O. S., and Ryu, J. K. (2000). Seasonal succession of toxic cyanobacteria and microcystins concentration in Paldang reservoir, Algae, 15(1), 29-29. [Korean Literature]
  28. Park, H. K., Lee, H. J., Heo, J., Yun, J. H., Kim, Y. J., Kim, H. M., Hong, D. G., and Lee, I. J. (2021). Deciphering the key factors determining spatio-temporal heterogeneity of cyanobacterial bloom dynamics in the Nakdong river with consecutive large weirs, Science of the Total Environment, 755, part 2, 143079.
  29. Park, H. K., Shin, R. Y., Lee, H., Lee, K. L., and Cheon, S. U. (2015). Spatio-temporal characteristics of cyanobacterial communities in the middle-downstream of Nakdong river and lake Dukdong, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 31(3), 286-294. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2015.31.3.286
  30. Park, J. G. and Lee, J. J. (2005). Community dynamics of phytoplankton in lake Daecheong, Algae, 20(3), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2005.20.3.197
  31. Shin, J. K., Jeon, G., Kim, Y., Kim, M. K., Kim, N. Y., and Hwang, S. J. (2017). Recruitment potential of cyanobacterial harmful algae (genus Aphanizomenon) in the winter season in Boryeong reservoir, Korea: Link to water-level drawdown, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 50(3), 337-354. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2017.50.3.337
  32. Song, E. S., Cho, K. A., and Shin, Y. S. (2015). Exploring the dynamics of dissolved oxygen and vertical density structure of water column in the Youngsan lake, Journal of Environmental Science International, 24(2), 163-174. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2015.24.2.163
  33. Vollenweider, R. and Kerekes, J. (1982). Eutrophication of waters. Monitoring, assessment and control, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), Paris, 156.
  34. Woo, C. Y., Yun, S. L., Kim, S. K., and Lee W. (2020). Occurrence of harmful blue-green algae at algae alert system and water quality forecast system sites in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do between 2012 and 2019, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 42(12), 664-673. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2020.42.12.664
  35. You, K. A., Byeon, M. S., Youn, S. J., Hwang, S. J., and Rhew, D. H. (2013). Growth characteristics of blue-green algae (Anabaena spiroides) causing tastes and odors in the North-Han river, Korea, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 46(1), 135-144.[Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.1.135
  36. Youn, S. J., Kim, H. N., Yu, S. J., and Byeon, M. S. (2020). Cyanobacterial occurrence and geosmin dynamics in Paldang Lake watershed, South Korea, Water and Environment Journal, 34(4), 634-643. https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12547