Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
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Study on Causes and Countermeasures for the Mass Death of Fish in Reservoirs in Andong-si

안동시 저수지에서의 대량 어류 폐사에 대한 원인과 대책에 관한 연구

  • Su Ho Bae (Department of Civil Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Andong National University) ;
  • Sun Jin Hwang (Environmental Science & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Youn Jung Kim (Center for Instrumental Analysis, Andong National University) ;
  • Cheol Ho Jeong (Department of Law, College of Social Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Seong Yun Kim (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Andong National University) ;
  • Keon Sang Ryoo (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Andong National University)
  • 배수호 (국립안동대학교 공과대학 건설시스템공학과) ;
  • 황선진 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 김연정 (국립안동대학교 공동실험실습관) ;
  • 정철호 (국립안동대학교 사회과학대학 법학과) ;
  • 김성윤 (국립안동대학교 과학기술대학 화학생명과학과) ;
  • 유건상 (국립안동대학교 과학기술대학 화학생명과학과)
  • Received : 2023.01.30
  • Accepted : 2023.03.26
  • Published : 2023.03.31
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Abstract

This study focused on determining the specific causes and prevention methods of mass fish deaths occurred in five reservoirs (Gagugi, Neupgokgi, Danggokgi, Sagokji, and Hangokji) in Andong-si. For this purpose, a survey of agricultural land and livestock in the upper part of the reservoirs and analysis of water quality in the reservoir irrespective of whether it rains or not were conducted. We attempted to examine the changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) in the surface and bottom layers of reservoirs and changes in DO depending on the amount of livestock compost and time. Based on the above investigations, treatment plans were established to efficiently control the inflow of contaminated water into reservoirs. The rainfall and farmland areas in the upper part of the reservoir were investigated using Google and aviation data provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. The current status of livestock farms distributed around the reservoirs was also examined because compost from these farms can flow into the reservoir when it rains. Various water quality parameters, such as phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), were analyzed and compared for each reservoir during the rainy season. Changes in the DO concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) were also observed at the inlet of the reservoir during raining using an automated instrument. In addition, DO was measured until the concentration reached 0 ppm in 10 min by adding livestock compost at various concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% by wt.), where the concentration of the livestock compost represents the relative weight of rainwater. The DO concentration in the surface layer of reservoirs was 3.7 to 5.3 ppm, which is sufficient for fish survival. However, the fish could not survive at the bottom layer with DO concentration of 0.0-2.1 ppm. When the livestock compost was 0.3%, DO required 10-19 h to reach 0 ppm. Considering these results, it was confirmed that the DO in the bottom layer of the reservoir could easily change to an anaerobic state within 24 h when the livestock compost in the rainwater exceeds 0.3%. The results show that the direct cause of fish mortality is the inflow of excessive livestock compost into reservoirs during the first rainfall in spring. All the surveyed reservoirs had relatively good topographical features for the inflow of compost generated from livestock farms. This keeps the bottom layer of the reservoir free of oxygen. Therefore, to prevent fish death due to insufficient DO in the reservoir, measures should be undertaken to limit the amount of livestock compost flowing into the reservoir within 0.3%, which has been experimentally determined. As a basic countermeasure, minerals such as limestone, dolomite, and magnesia containing calcium and magnesium should be added to the compost of livestock farms around the reservoir. These minerals have excellent pollutant removal capabilities when sprayed onto the compost. In addition, measures should be taken to prevent fish death according to the characteristics of each reservoir.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1F1A1060823).

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