말소리와 음성과학 (Phonetics and Speech Sciences)

  • 제15권1호
  • /
  • Pages.55-64
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 2005-8063(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2586-5854(eISSN)
한국음성학회 (Korean Society of Speech Sciences)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

말더듬 성인의 군대 적응 정도에 대한 군지휘관의 인식 양상 및 관련 요인 분석

Perception of military officers towards the military adaptation of adults who stutter and the associated factors

  • 박혜린 (충남대학교 대학원 언어병리학과) ;
  • 박진 (가톨릭관동대학교 언어재활학과)
  • Hye-rin Park (Graduate Program of Speech-Language Pathology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jin Park (Department of Speech Language Rehabilitation, Catholic Kwandong University)
  • 투고 : 2023.03.06
  • 심사 : 2023.03.16
  • 발행 : 2023.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구에서는 직업군인의 말더듬 성인에 대한 군대 적응 예측 정도와 이러한 인식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인들이 무엇인지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 89명의 직업군인을 대상으로 발화 유창성 정도와 관련해 세 가지 버전[유창한 발화(23명), 덜 심한 말더듬(34명), 심한 말더듬(32명)] 중 무작위로 배정된 하나의 음성샘플을 들려주고 발화 관련 요인(유창성, 명료도, 자연스러움, 말속도), 성격 관련 요인(호감, 지적 수준, 불안, 사교성), 그리고 군대 적응 예측 정도를 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 군대 적응 예측 정도에서 유창한 발화와 심한 말더듬 간, 그리고 덜 심한 말더듬과 심한 말더듬 간에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 반면, 유창한 발화와 덜 심한 말더듬 간에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 군대 적응 예측 정도에 있어 발화 특성 요인 중에서는 발화 유창성, 명료도, 자연스러움, 말속도 순으로, 성격 관련 인상 요인 중에서는 호감, 사교성, 불안, 지적 수준의 순으로 높은 상관관계가 나타났다. 발화 유창성이 군대 적응 예측 정도에 있어 상대적으로 높은 상관관계를 보이고 있는 것이다. 발화 관련 특성 요인과 군대 적응 예측 정도와의 관련성에 대해 추가적인 논의를 기술하였다.

This study investigated the factors influencing the perceptions that military officers can harbor regarding persons who stutter in terms of how well they can adapt to the army. In total, 89 participants were randomly assigned to each of the three different conditions ("fluent speech"=23, "mildly stuttered speech"=34, and "severely stuttered speech"=32). Subsequently, the participants were asked to listen and rate each sample in terms of "the speaker's communicative functioning (i.e., speech fluency, intelligibility, naturalness, speech rate), personal traits (i.e., likeability, anxiety level, intellectual level, and sociability), and the perceived degree of the adaptability to the army." The results showed that significant differences were found between "fluent speech" and "severely stuttered speech" in the perceived communicative functionings and the perceived adaptability to the army. Moreover, there were significant differences in the same variables between "mildly stuttered speech" and "severely stuttered speech." However, there were no significant differences between "mildly stuttered speech" and "fluent speech." Following the conducting of the Pearson correlation test, strong correlations were also found between the perceived communicative functionings, in particular "speech fluency," and the perceived adaptability to the army. Those results can be employed to argue that the communicative functionings can serve as factors which influence the perceptions of persons who stutter in terms of how well they can adapt to the army. Further discussion has taken place regarding the relationship between the perceived communicative functionings and the perceived adaptability to the army.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abdalla, F. A., & St. Louis, K. O. (2012). Arab school teachers' knowledge, beliefs and reactions regarding stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(1), 54-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.11.007
  2. Al-Khaledi, M., Lincoln, M., McCabe, P., Packman, A., & Alshatti, T. (2009). The attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of Arab parents in Kuwait about stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 34(1), 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.02.003
  3. Amick, L. J., Chang, S. E., Wade, J., & McAuley, J. D. (2017). Social and cognitive impressions of adults who do and do not stutter based on listeners' perceptions of read-speech samples. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1148.
  4. Arnold, H. S., Li, J., & Goltl, K. (2015). Beliefs of teachers versus non-teachers about people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 43, 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.12.001
  5. Bebout, L., & Arthur, B. (1992). Cross-cultural attitudes toward speech disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 35(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3501.45
  6. Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2004). Bullying in adolescents who stutter: Communicative competence and self-esteem. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 31, 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_31_S_69
  7. Bloodstein, O., & Ratner, N. B. (2008). A handbook on stuttering (6th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.
  8. Boyle, M. P. (2013). Assessment of stigma associated with stuttering: Development and evaluation of the self-stigma of stuttering scale (4S). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(5), 1517-1529. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0280)
  9. Cho, M. K., & Kim, S. H. (2013). The development of the interpersonal harmony scale for private class in Korean military. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(4), 2375-2393. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.4.201308.2375
  10. Chon, H. C. (2016). Beliefs and knowledge of the public about people who stutter: Age and sex comparisons. Communication Sciences & Disorders, 21(3), 538-551. https://doi.org/10.12963/csd.16331
  11. Cloninger, C. R. (1994). Temperament and personality. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 4, 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(94)90083-3
  12. Craig, A., Blumgart, E., & Tran, Y. (2009). The impact of stuttering on the quality of life in adults who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 34(2), 61-71.
  13. Craig, A., Tran, Y., & Craig, M. (2003). Stereotypes towards stuttering for those who have never had direct contact with people who stutter: A randomized and stratified study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97(1), 235-245. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.235
  14. Gabel, R. M., Blood, G. W., Tellis, G. M., & Althouse, M. T. (2004). Measuring role entrapment of people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.09.002
  15. Hamburg, B. A. (1974). Early adolescence: A specific and stressful stage of the life cycle. In G. V. Coelho, D. A. Hamburg, & J. E. Adams (Eds.), Coping and adaptation (pp. 101-124). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  16. Han, M. A. (2015). Stuttering perception of elementary school children using POSHA-S (public opinion survey of human attributes-stuttering). Master's thesis. Catholic University of Daegu,
  17. Gyeongsan, Korea. Hurst, M. I., & Cooper, E. B. (1983). Employer attitudes toward stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-730X(83)90017-7
  18. Ip, M. L., St. Louis, K. O., Myers, F. L., & Xue, S. A. (2012). Stuttering attitudes in Hong Kong and adjacent Mainland China. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14(6), 543-556. https://doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012.712158
  19. Jang, S. G., Lee, S. K., & Choi, J. H. (2014). Control study on temperament and character traits, resilience, and predictors of military maladjusted soldiers. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 53(3), 178-185. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.3.178
  20. Kim, H. H. (1996, February). Perceptual, acoustical, and physiological tools in ataxic dysarthria management: A case report. Proceedings of the KSPS Conference (pp. 68-71). Seoul, Korea.
  21. Kim, O. R., & Kim, W. I. (2014). Development and validations of military life adjustment scale for military soldiers. Korean Journal of Counseling, 15(4), 1627-1646. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.4.201408.1627
  22. Klassen, T. R. (2002). Social distance and the negative stereotype of people who stutter. Journal of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, 26(2), 90-99.
  23. Klompas, M., & Ross, E. (2004). Life experiences of people who stutter, and the perceived impact of stuttering on quality of life: Personal accounts of South African individuals. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29(4), 275-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.10.001
  24. Kwon, D. H., & Ahn, J. Y. (2014). Listener perceptions according to disfluency level of stutterers. Journal of Speech-Langauage and Hearing Disorders, 23(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15724/jslhd.2014.23.4.001
  25. Lass, N. J., Ruscello, D. M., Pannbacker, M. D., Schmitt, J. F., & Everly-Myers, D. S. (1989). Speech-language pathologists' perceptions of child and adult female and male stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 14(2), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-730X(89)90006-5
  26. Lass, N. J., Ruscello, D. M., Pannbacker, M., Schmitt, J. F., Kiser, A. M., Mussa, A. M., & Lockhart, P. (1994). School administrators' perceptions of people who stutter. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 25(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2502.90
  27. Lass, N. J., Ruscello, D. M., Schmitt, J. F., Pannbacker, M. D., Orlando, M. B., Dean, K. A., Ruziska, J. C., ... Bradshaw, K. H. (1992). Teachers'perceptions of stutterers. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 23(1), 78-81. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2301.73
  28. Lee, K. (2013). Perception toward stuttering by teachers in Daegu area. Communication Sciences & Disorders, 18(4), 447-458. https://doi.org/10.12963/csd.13063
  29. Lee, K. (2014). Korean speech-language pathologists' attitudes toward stuttering according to clinical experiences. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(6), 771-779. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12093
  30. Lee, K., & St. Louis, K. O. (2014, September). Primary school teachers attitudes toward stuttering using POSHA-S. Proceedings from the Annual Meeting of the Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (pp. 62-65). Gyeongsan, Korea.
  31. Lee, S. H. (2005). Fluency disorders. Seoul, Korea: Sigma Press.
  32. Logan, K. J., & O'Connor, E. M. (2012). Factors affecting occupational advice for speakers who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.11.005
  33. Park, H., Park, S., & Park, J. (2020). Perceptions of vocational counselors and their career advice for individuals who stutter. Audiology and Speech Research, 16(2), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.21848/asr.190102
  34. Park, H. Z., Park, S. Y., Jang, H. K., & Park, J. (2016). Occupational advice for adults who do stutter and the associated factors. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 8(3), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2016.8.3.091
  35. Przepiorka, A. M., Blachnio, A., St. Louis, K. O., & Wozniak, T. (2013). Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 48(6), 703-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12041
  36. Rosenthal, W. S., & Naylor, R. V. (1968). Clinical investigations of stuttering: Part 1. adjustment and effectiveness of stutterers in military service (Research Report of U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command). Washington, DC.
  37. Ruscello, D. M., Lass, N. J., Schmitt, J. F., & Pannbacker, M. D. (1994). Special educators'perceptions of stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 19(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-730X(94)90018-3
  38. Schlagheck, A., Gabel, R., & Hughes, S. (2009). A mixed methods study of stereotypes of people who stutter. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 36, 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_36_F_108
  39. Seo, H. (2008). Influence of new generation soldiers career decision level and self-efficacy on their adjustment in military. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 15(5), 109-131.
  40. Seo, Y., & Shin, J. (2019). Speaker age estimation and acoustic characteristics: According to pitch and speech rate. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 11(4), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2019.11.4.009
  41. Silverman, F. H., & Paynter, K. K. (1990). Impact of stuttering on perception of occupational competence. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 15(2), 87-91.
  42. Sim, H. S. (2000). A study on stereotypes of the Korean male adults who stutter. Korean Journal of Communication Disorders, 5(1), 192-208.
  43. Sim, H. S., Shin, M. J., & Lee, E. J. (2010). Paradise fluency assessment II (P-FA-II). Seoul, Korea: Paradise Welfare Foundation.
  44. Song, Y. J. (2003). A study on soldiers' perceptions of the communications in military organizations: Focusing on the vertical interactions. Master's thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  45. St. Louis, K. O., Filatova, Y., Coskun, M., Topbas, S., Ozdemir, S., Georgieva, D., & George, R. D. (2011). Public attitudes toward cluttering and stuttering in four countries. In E. L. Simon (Ed.), Psychology of stereotypes (pp. 81-113). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  46. Van Borsel, J., Brepoels, M., & De Coene, J. (2011). Stuttering, attractiveness and romantic relationships: the perception of adolescents and young adults. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 36(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.01.002
  47. Van Riper, C. (1982). The nature of stuttering (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  48. Woods, C. L., & Williams, D. E. (1976). Traits attributed to stuttering and normally fluent males. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19(2), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.1902.267
  49. Yaruss, J. S., & Quesal, R. W. (2004). Stuttering and the international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF): An update. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00052-2
  50. 김주연, 이은주, 황민아(2008). 말더듬 성인의 말더듬 중증도와 말더듬 지각 정도 및 사회불안 간의 상관연구. 언어청각장애 연구, 13(4), 677-690.