Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Rebalancing SMAD7/SMAD3 Signaling Reduces Adhesion Formation during Flexor Tendon Healing

  • Ke Jiang (Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College) ;
  • Yuling Li (Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College) ;
  • Chao Xiang (Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College) ;
  • Yan Xiong (Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University) ;
  • Jiameng Jia (Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College)
  • Received : 2022.09.21
  • Accepted : 2023.02.08
  • Published : 2023.03.28
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Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β is a key factor in regulating adhesion formation during tendon healing. We investigated the effectiveness of SMAD family members, SMAD7 and SMAD3, in the TGF-β/Smad signaling during flexor tendon repair. Mouse flexor toe deep tendon rupture anastomosis models were made. On days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, the expressions of smad7 and smad3 in flexor tendon tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. Furthermore, postoperative intraperitoneal injections of SMAD7 agonists or SMAD3 antagonists were given. The degree of tendon healing was evaluated by adhesion testing and biomechanical experiments. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of collagen III, SMAD3, and SMAD7. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases, Mmp2 and Mmp9, and scleraxis (SCX) in flexor tendon tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. Smad3 expression increased and Smad7 expression decreased in flexor tendon tissue after injury. In addition, the SMAD7 agonist blocked SMAD3 phosphorylation. SMAD7 agonist and SMAD3 antagonist both improved adhesion formation during flexor tendon healing, and decreased the expressions of collagen III, Mmp9, and SCX, while increasing Mmp2 expression. This study provides a possible theoretical basis for the SMAD7-SMAD3 signal cascade during flexor tendon adhesion healing.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education (Grant No.: KLET-202013); the Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma (Hainan Medical University) Ministry of Education (grant nos. KLET-202013)and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 81772330).

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