Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prediction of total digestible nutrient and crude protein requirements according to daily weight gain, and behavioral measurements of Hanwoo heifers

  • Ju Ri Kim (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jun Sik Woo (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Youl Chang Baek (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sun Sik Jang (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Keun Kyu Park (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2022.10.10
  • Accepted : 2023.01.10
  • Published : 2023.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of energy and protein levels in the diet of Hanwoo heifers on growth response and animal behavior. Methods: Forty heifers were randomly allocated into three experimental groups according to the target daily weight gain in 8 pens (T-0.2, 2 replications; T-0.4 and -0.6, 3 replications) based on similar body weight (BW) and age in months. The target average daily gain (ADG) was set at 0.2 (T-0.2), 0.4 (T-0.4), and 0.6 kg/d (T-0.6), and feed was based on National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, 2017). In order to minimize hunger stress of T-0.2 and -0.4, the feeding ratio of rice straw was set to 55%, 50%, and 45% for T-0.2, -0.4 and T-0.6, respectively, so that the dry matter (DM) intake for all treatment groups was uniform but the energy and protein levels in the diet were adjusted differently. A total of 6 items (lying, standing, eating, rumination, walking and drinking) of animal behavior were analyzed. Results: During the whole period of the experiment, the ADG of the T-0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 treatments were 0.48, 0.56, and 0.65 kg/d (p<0.05), respectively, showing higher gain than the predicted value, especially for the low target ADG group. Based on these results, regression equations for the total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP) requirements were derived. No behavioral differences were found according to the energy and protein levels in the diet because the DM intake was kept constant by adjusting the roughage and concentration ratio. However, eating time was longer (p<0.05) at T-0.2 than T-0.6 during the whole day. Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to derive regression equations for predicting TDN and CP requirements according to the target ADG and BW.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by 'Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ015025)' Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. This paper was also written as part of Konkuk University's research support program for its faculty on sabbatical leave in 2022.

References

  1. National Institute of Animal Science. Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo. 3rd Ed. Jeonju, Korea: Rural Development Administration; 2012. 
  2. National Institute of Animal Science. Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo. 4th Ed., Jeonju, Korea: Rural Development Administration; 2017. 
  3. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. 8th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 2016. https://doi.org/10.17226/19014 
  4. Swanson EW. Optimum growth patterns for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 1967;50:244-52. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(67)87400-9 
  5. Ferrell CL, Garrett WN, Hinman N. Growth, development, and composition of the udder and gravid uterus of beef heifers during pregnancy. J Anim Sci 1976;42:1477-89. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1976.4261477x 
  6. Lesmeister JL, Burfening PJ, Blackwell RL. Date of first calving in beef cows and subsequent calf production. J Anim Sci 1973;36:1-6. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1973.3611 
  7. AOAC. International. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 19th ed. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC International; 2012. 
  8. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 
  9. Goering HK, Van Soest PJ. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). Washington, DC, USA: USDA Agricultural Research Service; 1970. Handbook number 379. 
  10. Pavlenko A, Lidfors L, Arney DR, Kaart T, Aland A. Behavior and performance of dairy cows after transfer from tied to cubicle housing. J Appl Anim Welf Sci 2018;21:82-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2017.1376204 
  11. Conrad HR, Weiss WP, Odwongo WO, Shockey WL. Estimating net energy lactation from components of cell solubles and cell walls. J Dairy Sci 1984;67:427-36. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81320-X 
  12. Lee SM, Kim YI, Kwak WS. Effect of by-product mixing silage feeding on the eating and ruminating behavior of Hanwoo steer. J Kor Grassl Forage Sci 2010;30:159-68. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2010.30.2.159 
  13. Mertens DR. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1463-81. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76075-2 
  14. Sudweeks EM, Law SE, Ely LO, McCullough ME, Sisk LR. Development and application of a roughage value index for formulating dairy rations. Athens, GA, USA: Research Bulletion-Georgia Experiment Station; 1979. 
  15. Kim YI, Lee SM, Park KK, Kwak WS. Effect of feeding a byproduct feeds-based silage (Biosilage®) on behavior pattern of growing Hanwoo steers. J Kor Grassl Forage Sci 2013;33: 290-7. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2013.33.4.290 
  16. Cassida KA, Stockes MR. Eating and resting salivation in early lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1986;69:1282-92. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80534-3