Acknowledgement
We thank all the patients who participated in the study. Special thanks go to the staff of Balad Hospital and Afgoi General Hospital, especially Mr. Mohamed Omar, Mr. Ahmed Hersi, and Ms. Fartun Mohamed, for their assistance in sample collection. We also thank Chulabhorn International College of Medicine of Thammasat University, Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma of Thammasat University, for the support of this research. Kesara Na-Bangchang is supported by the National Research Council of Thailand under the Research Team Promotion grant (grant number NRCT 820/2563).
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