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Expansion of Product Liability : Applicability of SW and AI

제조물책임 범위의 확장 : SW와 AI의 적용가능성

  • Received : 2022.11.23
  • Accepted : 2022.12.29
  • Published : 2023.03.31

Abstract

The expansion of the scope of product liability is necessary because the industrial environment has changed following the enactment of the Product Liability Act. Unlike human-coded algorithms, artificial intelligence is black-boxed according to machine learning, and even developers cannot explain the results. In particular, since the cause of the problem by artificial intelligence is unknown, the responsibility is unclear, and compensation for victims is not easy. This is because software or artificial intelligence is a non-object, and its productivity is not recognized under the Product Liability Act, which is limited to movable property. As a desperate measure, productivity may be recognized if it is stored or embedded in the medium. However, it is not reasonable to apply differently depending on the medium. The EU revise the product liability guidelines that recognize product liability when artificial intelligence is included. Although compensation for victims is the value pursued by the Product Liability Act, the essence has been overlooked by focusing on productivity. Even if an accident occurs using an artificial intelligence-adopted service, however, it is desirable to present standards according to practical risks instead of unconditionally holding product responsibility.

제조물책임 범위 확장이 필요한 것은 제조물책임법 제정 시 산업 환경이 변했기 때문이다. 사람이 코딩한 알고리즘과 다르게, 인공지능은 기계학습에 따라 블랙박스화 되면서 개발자도 결과를 설명하지 못한다. 특히, 인공지능으로 인하여 발생하는 문제의 원인을 알 수 없기 때문에 책임소재도 불분명할뿐더러 피해자 배상도 쉽지 않다. 동산 등으로 한정된 제조물책임법에 따라 소프트웨어(SW)나 인공지능은 무체물로 제조물성이 인정되지 않기 때문이다. 고육지책으로 매체에 저장되거나 내장된 경우에는 제조물성이 인정될 수 있다고 한다. 그러나 매체에 따라 달리 적용되는 것은 타당하지 않다. EU는 인공지능이 포함된 경우, 제조물책임을 인정하는 제조물책임지침 개정을 추진 중이다. 피해자에 대한 보상이 제조물책임법이 추구하는 가치임에도 제조물성에 치중하여 본질을 간과해왔다. 다만, 인공지능이 채택된 서비스를 이용하여 발생한 사고라도 무조건적으로 제조물책임을 지우는 것이 아닌 실질적인 위험성에 따른 기준이 제시되는 것이 바람직하다.

Keywords

References

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