Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (상하수도학회지)

The Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (대한상하수도학회)
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The preparation of surface-modified granular activated carbon (GAC) to enhance Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal and evaluation of adsorption behavior

입상 활성탄 표면 개질을 통한 과불화옥탄산 (PFOA) 제거 향상 및 특성 평가

  • Jeongwoo Shin (Department of Civil, Environmental, and Biomedical Engineering, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Byungryul An (Department of Civil Engineering, Sangmyung University)
  • 신정우 (상명대학교 건설.환경.의생명공학과) ;
  • 안병렬 (상명대학교 건설시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2023.04.04
  • Accepted : 2023.07.03
  • Published : 2023.08.15
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Abstract

Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was one of widely used per- and poly substances(PFAS) in the industrial field and its concentration in the surface and groundwater was found with relatively high concentration compared to other PFAS. Since various processes have been introduced to remove the PFOA, adsorption using GAC is well known as a useful and effective process in water and wastewater treatment. Surface modification for GAC was carried out using Cu and Fe to enhance the adsorption capacity and four different adsorbents, such as GAC-Cu, GAC-Fe, GAC-Cu(OH)2, GAC-Fe(OH)3 were prepared and compared with GAC. According to SEM-EDS, the increase of Cu or Fe was confirmed after surface modification and higher weight was observed for Cu and Fe hydroxide(GAC-Cu(OH)2 and GAC-Fe(OH)3, respectively). BET analysis showed that the surface modification reduced specific surface area and total pore volumes. The highest removal efficiency(71.4%) was obtained in GAC-Cu which is improved by 17.9% whereas the use of Fe showed lower removal efficiency compared to GAC. PFOA removal was decreased with increase of solution pH indicating electrostatic interaction governs at low pH and its effect was decreased when the point of zero charges(pzc) was negatively increased with an increase of pH. The enhanced removal of PFOA was clearly observed in solution pH 7, confirming the Cu in the surface of GAC plays a role on the PFOA adsorption. The maximum uptake was calculated as 257 and 345 ㎍/g for GAC and GAC-Cu using Langmuir isotherm. 40% and 80% of removal were accomplished within 1 h and 48 h. According to R2, only the linear pseudo-second-order(pso) kinetic model showed 0.98 whereas the others obtained less than 0.870.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 성과는 환경부 및 한국환경산업기술원의 2023년도 녹색융합전문인력양성 지원사업과 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No.2022R1A2C1092752)

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