Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence (미래기술융합논문지)

Korea Convergence Society (한국융합학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Technical Analysis of LoRa for Problems on Outdoor Culture Smart Farm

노지재배 스마트팜의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 LoRa 기술 분석

  • Jaechan Lee (Division of Information & Communication Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Sanghyeon Jeon (Division of Information & Communication Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Junyoung Lee (Division of Information & Communication Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Yeunwoong Kyung (Division of Information & Communication Engineering, Kongju National University)
  • 이재찬 (공주대학교 정보통신학과) ;
  • 전상현 (공주대학교 정보통신학과) ;
  • 이준영 (공주대학교 정보통신학과) ;
  • 경연웅 (공주대학교 정보통신공학과)
  • Received : 2022.11.29
  • Accepted : 2023.03.21
  • Published : 2023.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, there have been increasing interests in researches to apply wireless communication technologies for smart farm. This paper introduces the problems in the smart farm for the outdoor culture and technical considerations to solve the problems. As candidate technologies, this paper selects LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and Wi-Fi and then determines that LoRa is a suitable technology based on the CAPEX, coverage, transmission rate, battery, and the price. To provide technical analysis, this paper introduces technologies related to the physical and medium access control (MAC) layers as well as the security. Specifically, this paper includes the modulation technology in the physical layer, Class (Class A, B, and C) based protocol operations in MAC layer, and security architecture based on the LoRa version.

최근, 무선 통신 기술을 활용하여 스마트팜 환경을 개선하고자 하는 연구가 지속되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 노지 스마트팜 환경에서 발생하는 문제점에 대해 소개하고, 이들을 해결하기 위한 통신 기술적 고려사항을 다루고자 했다. 노지 스마트팜 환경에 적용하기 위한 후보 기술로 LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT, WiFi를 선정했고, 현재 사용되고 있는 국내 스마트팜 기술의 문제점 및 방향성을 기반으로 설치 비용, 통신 범위, 데이터 전송 속도, 배터리 수명, 가격 등을 고려하여 각각의 후보 기술을 분석하여, 최종적으로 LoRa 기술이 가장 적합한 것으로 판단했다. 자세한 기술적 분석을 위해 본 논문에서는 LoRa의 물리 계층과 Medium Access Control (MAC) 계층 기술, 그리고 보안에 대해 소개하였고, 특히 물리 계층의 변조기법, MAC 계층에서의 Class (Class A, B, C) 기반 프로토콜 동작 방법, 그리고 LoRa 버전별 보안 아키텍처에 대해 기술했다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIT) (No.2020R1G1A1100493)

References

  1. M. Gupta, M. Abdelsalam, S. Khorsandroo & S. Mittal. (2020). Security and Privacy in Smart Farming: Challenges and Opportunities. IEEE Access, 8, 34564-34584, DOI : 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975142.
  2. D. Glaroudis, A. Iossifides & P. Chatzimisios. (2020). Survey, Comparison and Research Challenges of IoT Application Protocols for Smart Farming. Computer Networks, 168(26), 107037, DOI : 10.1016/j.comnet.2019.107037.
  3. Z. Unal. (2020). Smart Farming Becomes Even Smarter With Deep Learning-A Bibliographical Analysis. IEEE Access, 8, 105587-105609, DOI : 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000175.
  4. I. Charania & X. Li. (2020). Smart Farming: Agriculture's Shift from a Labor Intensive to Technology Native Industry. Internet of Things, 9, 100142, DOI : 10.1016/j.iot.2019.100142.
  5. M. Mahbub. (2020). A smart farming concept based on smart embedded electronics, internet of things and wireless sensor network. Internet of Things, 9, 100161, DOI : 10.1016/j.iot.2019.100161.
  6. EPIS Report, (2022). A Study on the Current Status of Smart Farms and Analysis of Performance. Korea Agency of education, promotion and information service in food, agriculture, forestry and fishery.
  7. W. Cho. (2019). LoRa for LPWA Network: Overview and its Performance Enhancement Technologies. Journal of the Korea Institute of Electronic Communication Sciences, 14(2), 283-288. DOI : 10.22156/JKCS.2018.7.1.001
  8. K. Hill, K. K. Gagneja & N. Singh. (2019). LoRa PHY Range Tests and Software Decoding - Physical Layer Security. 2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), India, 805-810. DOI : 10.1109/SPIN.2019.8711682.
  9. T. T. Nguyen, H. H. Nguyen, R. Barton & P. Grossetete. (2019). Efficient Design of Chirp Spread Spectrum Modulation for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(6), 9503-9515, DOI : 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2929496.
  10. D. Kim, E. Lee & J. Kim. (2019). Experiencing LoRa Network Establishment on a Smart Energy Campus Testbed. Sustainability, 11(7), 1917. DOI : 10.3390/su11071917
  11. LoRa Alliance (2017). LoRaWAN 1.1 Specification. https://lora-alliance.org/resource_hub/lorawan-specification-v1-1/
  12. J. Haxhibeqiri, F. V. den Abeele, I. Moerman, & J. Hoebeke. (2017) LoRa Scalability: A simulation model based on interference measurements. Sensors, 17(6), 1193. DOI : 10.3390/s17061193
  13. S. Lim. (2020). A Study on the Implementation of LoRa-based IoT Smart Livestock Barn System. Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 59(2), 38-45.
  14. H. Noura, T. Hatoum, O. Salman, J. Waacoub & A. Chehab. (2020). LoRaWAN security survey: Issues, threats and possible mitigation techniques. Internet of Things, 12, 100303. DOI : 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100303
  15. N. Lee. (2017). Selective encryption technique according to class classification in LoRa environment. Master's degree dissertation. Konkuk University. Seoul.