한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제37권6호
  • /
  • Pages.450-463
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

HSI와 MaxEnt를 통한 나도승마 핵심서식지 발굴 연구

Study of the Derive of Core Habitats for Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai Using HSI and MaxEnt

  • 김선령 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 장래하 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 도재화 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 김민한 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 최승운 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 윤영준 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터)
  • Sun-Ryoung Kim (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Rae-Ha Jang (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Jae-Hwa Tho (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Min-Han Kim (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Seung-Woon Choi (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Young-Jun Yoon (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology)
  • 투고 : 2023.09.18
  • 심사 : 2023.11.21
  • 발행 : 2023.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 전문가 기반형 모델(Habitat Suitability Index)의 한계로 지적되는 주관적 기준, 통계분석의 부재 등과 통계기반형 모델(MaxEnt)의 한계로 지적되는 현장검증, 전문가 의견 반영 등의 극복을 위하여 각각의 모델을 개발하여 통합하는 방식으로 핵심서식지를 도출하였다. 핵심서식지 발굴을 위해 문헌분석 및 공간분석자료를 바탕으로 전문가 심층면담을 진행하였고, 전문가 자문과 GIS 도면 구축 가능성을 고려하여 모델을 개발하였다. 주요 환경변수는 식생대, 임상, 임분밀도, 연평균 강수량, 유효토심으로 선정되었다. 그 결과 현재 나도승마가 분포하고 있는 16지점 중 15지점이 핵심서식지로 나타났으며, 개발된 모델은 약 93.75%의 높은 정확도를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 전체 연구대상지의 약 27.8%가 핵심서식지로 나타남에 따라, 추후 서식변수 및 공간자료 정밀화를 통한 모델의 고도화가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 높은 등급으로 확인된 서식지라도 대상종의 서식유무 파악을 위한 현장검증은 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 하지만, 이러한 한계에도 불구하고 HSI와 MaxEnt의 상호보완적 활용은 생물종의 분포와 서식지 이용 특성을 통하여 적합 서식지를 예측하고, 신규 서식지 발굴 및 대체서식지 선정 등 다양한 방면으로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

The objective of this study is to derive the core habitat of the Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai utilizing Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models. Expert-based models have been criticized for their subjective criteria, while statistical models face difficulties in on-site validation and integration of expert opinions. To address these limitations, both models were employed, and their outcomes were overlaid to derive the core habitat. Five variables were identified through a comprehensive literature review and spatial analysis based on appearance coordinates. The environmental variables encompass vegetation zone, forest type, crown density, annual precipitation, and effective soil depth. Through surveys involving six experts, importance rankings and SI (Suitability Index) scores were established for each variable, subsequently facilitating the creation of an HSI map. Using the same variables, the MaxEnt model was also executed, resulting in a corresponding map, which was merged to construct the definitive core habitat map. Out of 16 observed locations of K. koreana, 15 were situated within the identified core habitat. Furthermore, an area historically known to host K. koreana but not verified in the present, Mt. Yeongchwi, was found to lack a core habitat. These findings suggest that the developed models exhibit a high degree of accuracy and effectively reflect the current ecological landscape.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 환경부의 재원으로 국립생태원 "2023년 멸종위기 야생생물 서식지 분석 및 평가연구(NIE-고유연구-2023-34)"의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다.

참고문헌

  1. An, J.B., C.Y. Sung, A.R. Moon, S. Kim, J.Y. Jung, S. Son, H.T. Shin and W.G. Park(2021) Distribution and potential suitable habitats of an endemic plant, Sophora koreensis in Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 35(2): 154-163. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2021.35.2.154
  2. Baldwin, R.A.(2009) Use of maximum entropy modeling in wildlife research. Entropy 11(4): 854-866. https://doi.org/10.3390/e11040854
  3. Bohm, B.A.(1998) Flavonoids of kirengeshoma yatabe. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26: 363-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00110-5
  4. Box, J.(1996) Setting objectives and defining out puts for ecological restoration and habitat creation. Restoration Ecology 4(4): 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00196.x
  5. Cho, S.H.(2012) Application of MAXENT model to assess potential suitability of forest stands for Kirengeshoma koreana habitat. Master's Thesis, Sunchon National Univ. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Cho, S.H., D.W. Kim, S.H. Kang, Y.H. Jeong, S.J. Lee and J.S. Kim(2013) The environmental characteristics and vegatation structures of Kirengeshoma koreana habitats. J. Korean Soc. For. Sci. 102(3): 446-454. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Choi, D.Y.(2002) Conservation strategy based on genetic structure and mating system of rare plants, Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai and Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi. A. Master's Thesis, Seoul National Univ. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Chung, G.Y., K.S. Chang, J.M. Chung, H.J. Choi, W.K. Paik and J.O. Hyun(2017). A checklist of endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula. Kor. J. plant Tax. 47(3): 264-288. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2017.47.3.264
  9. Elith, J., C.H. Graham, R.P. Anderson, M. Dudik, S. Ferrier, A. Guisan, R.J. Hijmans, F. Huettmann, J.R. Leathwick, A. Lehmann, J. Li, L.G. Lohmann, B.A. Loiselle, G. Manion, C. Moritz, M. Nakamura, Y. Nakazawa, J. McC. M. Overton, A.T. Peterson, S.J. Phillips, K. Richardson, R. Scachetti-Pereira, R.E. Schapire, J. Soberon, S. Williams, M.S. Wisz and N.E. Zimmermann(2006) Novel methods improve prediction of species' distributions from occurrence data. Ecography 29(2): 129-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x
  10. Elith, J., S.J. Phillips, T. Hastie, M. Dudik, Y.E. Chee and C.J. Yates(2011) A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists. Divers. Distrib. 17(1): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x
  11. Enforcement Decree of the Wildlife Protection and Management Act, Article 2[attached Table 1](2022.12.9)
  12. Fick, S.E. and R.J. Hijmans(2017) WorldClim 2: New 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37(12): 4302-4315. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086
  13. Han, H., S. Cho, J. Song, A. seol, H. Shung, J. Kim and J. Chung (2014) Assessing the potential suitability of forest stands as Kirengeshoma koreana habitat using MaxEnt. Landsc. Ecol. Eng. 10(2): 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-013-0246-3
  14. Hong, S.G., S.G. Kang, J.E. Kim, B.H. Noh, T.H. Noh and S.W. Lee(2007) Learning landscape ecology: A practical guide to concepts and techniques(Translation from the English edition by Gergel, S.E. and M.G. Turner). Lifescience, Seoul. (in Korean)
  15. http://soil.rda.go.kr/geoweb/soilmain.do
  16. https://data.kma.go.kr/data/grnd/selectAsosRltmList.do?pgmNo=36
  17. https://map.forest.go.kr/forest/?systype=mapSearch&searchOption=stock
  18. Kang, S.H., G.R. Kim, J.K. Kim, S.H. Park, W.K. Lee and J.K. Lee(2007) The Ecology of Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai (Saxifragaceae), a rare species in Korea. Korean J. Plant Res. 20(1): 1-6. (in Korean with English abstract)
  19. Kwon, S.Y.(2019) A conservation study of Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe in Korea using population viability analysis. A. Master's Thesis, Seoul National Univ. (in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Lee, B.E., J. Kim, N.I. Kim and J.G. Kim(2017) Evaluation on replacement habitat of two endangered species, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and polygonatum stenophyllum using habitat suitability index. Journal of Wetlands Research 19(4): 433-442. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2017.19.4.433
  21. Lim, C.H., S.H. Jung, S.Y. Jung, N.S. Kim and Y.C. Cho(2020). Selection of optimal models for predicting the distribution of Invasive Alien Plants Species (IAPS) in forest genetic resource reserves. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 34(6): 589-600. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2020.34.6.589
  22. National Institute of Biological Resources(2022) National list of species of Korea. https://kbr.go.kr/ Accessed on 7 November, 2023.
  23. National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR)(2021) Red data book of Republic of Korea. Volume 5. Vascular plants. Incheon: National Institute of Biological Resources. (in Korean)
  24. National Institute of Ecology(NIE)(2023) Endangered wildlife at a glance. Seoul: Design Play with Dreams. (in Korean)
  25. Phillips, S.J., R.P. Anderson and R.E. Schapire(2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190(3-4): 231-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026
  26. Ray, N., and M.A. Burgman(2006) Subjective uncertainties in habitat suitability maps. Ecol. Modell. 195(3-4): 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.039
  27. Sim, Y.J., Y.S. Park, R.H. Jang, Y.J. Yoon, S.R. Kim and S.H. Han(2020) The development of habitat suitability index model of class I endangered wildlife, sedirea japonica-A case study of Korea National Park of Dadohaehaesang-. The Journal of Korean Island 32(1): 153-172. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.26840/JKI.32.1.153
  28. Sun, Y., C.X. Fu and Y.X. Qiu(2010) Development, characteri zation, and transferability of microsatellite markers for Kirengeshoma palmata (Hydrangeaceae). Am. J. Bot. 97(6): e48-e51.
  29. Sung, C.Y., H.T. Shin, S.H. Choi and H.S. Song(2018). Predicting potential habitat for Hanabusaya asiatica in the North and South Korean border region using MaxEnt. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 32(5): 469-477. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2018.32.5.469
  30. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service(1980) Habitat as a basis for environmental assessment. Ecological Services Manual, 101.
  31. Yim, Y.J.(1977). Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korean Peninsula: III. Distribution of tree species along the thermal gradient. Japanese J. Ecol. 27(3): 177-189.
  32. Yoo, D.Y., T.Y. Lim, W.M. Kim and W.K. Song(2021) A comparative study on HSI and MaxEnt habitat prediction models: About Prionailurus bengalensis. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 24(5): 1-14.
  33. Yoon, Y.J., S. Kim, R.H. Jang, S.H. Han, D.J. Lee, Y.J. Shim and Y.S. Park(2020) Development of habitat suitability index for habitat restoration of class I endangered wildlife, Cypripedium guttatum Cw. Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 23(4): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.13087/KOSERT.2020.23.4.1