Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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Yun Chi-Ho's Garden Plan for the Anglo-Korean School in Gaeseong

윤치호의 개성 한영서원 정원 계획

  • Kim, Jung-Hwa (School of Architecture, University of Nevada, Las Vegas)
  • 김정화 (네바다주립대학교 라스베이거스 건축대학)
  • Received : 2023.03.14
  • Accepted : 2023.03.28
  • Published : 2023.04.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the plans and the spatial characteristics of the garden at the Anglo-Korean School, an educational institution established in Gaeseong in 1906 by Yun Chi-ho and the American Methodist Church. The time scope of the study is from 1906, when the school was opened, to the early 1920s, when the basic building structure of the school was completed. The spatial scope is the school complex, located in Gaeseong, and its affiliated facilities. The contents of the study include the planning background and purpose, spatial layout, and plants used in the school garden. This study reviewed Yun Ch'i-ho's papers and Warren A. Candler's papers at Emory University, documents, photos, and maps produced in the early 20th century. The results show that the school garden was first mentioned at the school's opening and that with a strong will, Yun Chi-ho insisted on establishing a school garden. The garden was located around the engineering department building and was divided into several sections and lots. Economic plants, such as fruit trees, comprised the garden and were sourced from the Methodist Church of the South, USA. This study reveals that the garden at the Anglo-Korean School functioned as a training ground for agriculture and horticulture education and was differentiated from Seowon, a traditional Korean academy that symbolically spaced Neo-Confucianism and that emphasized the views of the surrounding nature during the Joseon Dynasty.

본 연구는 1906년 윤치호와 미국 남감리회가 개성에 설립한 교육기관인 한영서원 내 정원의 계획 배경과 공간적 특징을 밝히는 데 목적을 둔다. 연구의 시간적 범위는 한영서원이 설립된 1906년부터 학교의 기본적인 구조가 갖춰진 1920년대 초까지이며, 연구의 공간적 범위는 개성에 위치한 한영서원 교육 단지와 그 부속 시설이다. 연구 내용은 한영서원 정원의 계획 배경과 목적, 공간 구조, 정원 식물을 포함한다. 본 연구는 에모리대학교에 소장된 윤치호 문서와 캔들러 문서를 중심으로, 20세기 초에 생산된 문서, 사진, 지도를 살피는 문헌 연구 방법을 취한다. 연구 결과 한영서원 정원은 개교 시점에 처음 언급되었으며, 그 배경에는 실업학교 건립을 주장했던 윤치호의 강력한 의지가 있었음을 확인했다. 정원은 한영서원 내 공학과 건물 주변에 위치하였으며, 여러 개의 소정원으로 구획되었음을 확인하였다. 유실수와 같은 경제성 식물이 정원을 구성하고 있었고, 미국 남감리교로부터 식물을 공급받았다. 본 연구는 한영서원 정원이 농업과 원예 교육 실습장으로 기능했으며, 한국의 전통적인 아카데미로서 성리학적 사상을 상징적으로 공간화했으며 자연 속에 놓여 조망 경관을 강조했던 조선시대 서원과 다른 유형의 아카데미 경관임을 밝혔다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2019년 대한민국 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구이며(NRF-2019S1A5B5A07093772), 2021년 (사)한국조경학회 춘계학술대회에서 저자가 발표한 "윤치호의 개성 한영서원정원 계획" 내용을 발전시킨 것임.

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