Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Ph.D. Keshan Zhang of Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute for his helpfulness in this study.
References
- Abrams CC, King AM, Belsham GJ. Assembly of foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsids synthesized by a vaccinia virus expression system. J Gen Virol. 1995;76(Pt 12):3089-3098. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-76-12-3089
- Jamal SM, Belsham GJ. Foot-and-mouth disease: past, present and future. Vet Res. 2013;44(1):116.
- Mahapatra M, Parida S. Foot and mouth disease vaccine strain selection: current approaches and future perspectives. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018;17(7):577-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2018.1492378
- Gao Y, Sun SQ, Guo HC. Biological function of foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural proteins and non-coding elements. Virol J. 2016;13(1):107.
- Robinson L, Knight-Jones TJ, Charleston B, Rodriguez LL, Gay CG, Sumption KJ, et al. Global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 3 - vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016;63 Suppl 1:30-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12521
- Rodriguez LL, Gay CG. Development of vaccines toward the global control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011;10(3):377-387. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.11.4
- Kushnir N, Streatfield SJ, Yusibov V. Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development. Vaccine. 2012;31(1):58-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.083
- Mignaqui AC, Ruiz V, Durocher Y, Wigdorovitz A. Advances in novel vaccines for foot and mouth disease: focus on recombinant empty capsids. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2019;39(3):306-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2018.1554619
- Xie Y, Li H, Qi X, Ma Y, Yang B, Zhang S, et al. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel foot-and-mouth disease virus empty-capsid-like particle with improved acid stability. Vaccine. 2019;37(14):2016-2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.032
- Xiao Y, Zhang S, Yan H, Geng X, Wang Y, Xu X, et al. The high immunity induced by the virus-like particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:633706.
- Guo HC, Sun SQ, Jin Y, Yang SL, Wei YQ, Sun DH, et al. Foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles produced by a SUMO fusion protein system in Escherichia coli induce potent protective immune responses in guinea pigs, swine and cattle. Vet Res. 2013;44(1):48.
- Baghban R, Farajnia S, Rajabibazl M, Ghasemi Y, Mafi A, Hoseinpoor R, et al. Yeast expression systems: overview and recent advances. Mol Biotechnol. 2019;61(5):365-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-019-00164-8
- Stockmann C, Scheidle M, Dittrich B, Merckelbach A, Hehmann G, Melmer G, et al. Process development in Hansenula polymorpha and Arxula adeninivorans, a re-assessment. Microb Cell Fact. 2009;8(1):22.
- Manfrao-Netto JH, Gomes AM, Parachin NS. Advances in using Hansenula polymorpha as chassis for recombinant protein production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:94.
- Guzman E, Taylor G, Charleston B, Skinner MA, Ellis SA. An MHC-restricted CD8+ T-cell response is induced in cattle by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and also following vaccination with inactivated FMDV. J Gen Virol. 2008;89(Pt 3):667-675. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83417-0
- Kayraklioglu N, Horuluoglu B, Klinman DM. CpG oligonucleotides as vaccine adjuvants. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2197:51-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0872-2_4
- Reed SG, Tomai M, Gale MJ Jr. New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020;65:97-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.008
- Mohan T, Verma P, Rao DN. Novel adjuvants & delivery vehicles for vaccines development: a road ahead. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(5):779-795.
- Near KA, Stowers AW, Jankovic D, Kaslow DC. Improved immunogenicity and efficacy of the recombinant 19-kilodalton merozoite surface protein 1 by the addition of oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide gel in a murine malaria vaccine model. Infect Immun. 2002;70(2):692-701. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.2.692-701.2002
- Hemmi T, Ainai A, Hashiguchi T, Tobiume M, Kanno T, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, et al. Intranasal vaccination induced cross-protective secretory IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants with reducing the potential risk of lung eosinophilic immunopathology. Vaccine. 2022;40(41):5892-5903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.049
- Singh RK, Sharma GK, Mahajan S, Dhama K, Basagoudanavar SH, Hosamani M, et al. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: immunobiology, advances in vaccines and vaccination strategies addressing vaccine failures-an Indian perspective. Vaccines (Basel). 2019;7(3):90.
- Terhuja M, Saravanan P, Tamilselvan RP. Comparative efficacy of virus like particle (VLP) vaccine of foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) type O adjuvanted with poly I:C or CpG in guinea pigs. Biologicals. 2015;43(6):437-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.09.004
- Alves MP, Guzylack-Piriou L, Juillard V, Audonnet JC, Doel T, Dawson H, et al. Innate immune defenses induced by CpG do not promote vaccine-induced protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16(8):1151-1157. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00018-09
- Cao Y. Adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines: recent progress. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014;13(11):1377-1385. https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2014.963562
- Li H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Zhu Y, et al. A hydrophobic interaction chromatography strategy for purification of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus. Protein Expr Purif. 2015;113:23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2015.04.011