References
- Slater GJ, Jenkins D. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growth and strength. Sports Med 2000;30:105-16. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030020-00004
- May PE, Barber A, D'Olimpio JT, Hourihane A, Abumrad NN. Reversal of cancer-related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine. Am J Surg 2002;183:471-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(02)00823-1
- Wong A, Chew A, Wang CM, Ong L, Zhang SH, Young S. The use of a specialized amino acid mixture for pressure ulcers: a placebo-controlled trial. J Wound Care 2014;23:259-60, 262-4, 266-9. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2014.23.5.259
- Sipahi S, Gungor O, Gunduz M, Cilci M, Demirci MC, Tamer A. The effect of oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine and glutamine on wound healing: a retrospective analysis of diabetic haemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2013;14:8.
- Armstrong DG, Hanft JR, Driver VR, Smith AP, Lazaro-Martinez JL, Reyzelman AM, et al. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med 2014;31:1069-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12509
- Jones MS, Rivera M, Puccinelli CL, Wang MY, Williams SJ, Barber AE. Targeted amino acid supplementation in diabetic foot wounds: pilot data and a review of the literature. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2014;15:708-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2013.158
- Erdem D, Sozen I, Cakirca M, Ornek D, Kanyilmaz D, Akan B. Effect of nutritional support containing arginine, glutamine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on the protein balance in patients with major burns. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2019; 47:327-33. https://doi.org/10.5152/TJAR.2019.40327
- Erdem D, Akan B, Albayrak MD, Aksoy E, Unal S, Ornek D, et al. The use of nutritional supplement containing arginine, glutamine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate in the treatment of pressure ulcers in an ICU patient. Analg Resusc Curr Res 2015;4:1.
- Williams JZ, Abumrad N, Barbul A. Effect of a specialized amino acid mixture on human collagen deposition. Ann Surg 2002;236:369-75. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-200209000-00013
- Ellis AC, Hunter GR, Goss AM, Gower BA. Oral supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine improves lean body mass in healthy older adults. J Diet Suppl 2019;16:281-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2018.1454568
- Dennis RA, Ponnappan U, Kodell RL, Garner KK, Parkes CM, Bopp MM, et al. Immune function and muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a nutritional supplement. Trials 2015;16:121.
- Ellis AC, Patterson M, Dudenbostel T, Calhoun D, Gower B. Effects of 6-month supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine on vascular endothelial function of older adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016;70:269-73. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2015.137
- Miu KY. The use of an oral mixture of arginine, glutamine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (Hmb) for the treatment of high grade pressure ulcers: a randomized study. Aging Med Healthc 2021;12:82-9. https://doi.org/10.33879/AMH.123.2020.04012
- Hsieh LC, Chow CJ, Chang WC, Liu TH, Chang CK. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly receiving tube feeding. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2010;19:200-8.
- Wu H, Xia Y, Jiang J, Du H, Guo X, Liu X, et al. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015;61:168-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.020
- Bear DE, Langan A, Dimidi E, Wandrag L, Harridge SD, Hart N, et al. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2019;109:1119-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy373
- Costa Riela NA, Alvim Guimaraes MM, Oliveira de Almeida D, Araujo EM. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on elderly body composition and muscle strength: a review of clinical trials. Ann Nutr Metab 2021;77:16-22. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514236
- Gould L, Stuntz M, Giovannelli M, Ahmad A, Aslam R, Mullen-Fortino M, et al. Wound Healing Society 2015 update on guidelines for pressure ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 2016;24:145-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12396
- Leonov Y, Kisil I, Perlov A, Stoichev V, Ginzburg Y, Nazarenko A, et al. Predictors of successful weaning in patients requiring extremely prolonged mechanical ventilation. Adv Respir Med 2020;88:477-84. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2020.0151
- Jessup RL. What is the best method for assessing the rate of wound healing?: a comparison of 3 mathematical formulas. Adv Skin Wound Care 2006;19:138-47. https://doi.org/10.1097/00129334-200604000-00009
- Stotts NA, Rodeheaver GT, Thomas DR, Frantz RA, Bartolucci AA, Sussman C, et al. An instrument to measure healing in pressure ulcers: development and validation of the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M795-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.12.M795
- Gardner SE, Frantz RA, Bergquist S, Shin CD. A prospective study of the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60:93-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/60.1.93
- Veves A, Sheehan P, Pham HT. A randomized, controlled trial of Promogran (a collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose dressing) vs standard treatment in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Arch Surg 2002;137:822-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.137.7.822
- Keast DH, Bowering CK, Evans AW, Mackean GL, Burrows C, D'Souza L. MEASURE: a proposed assessment framework for developing best practice recommendations for wound assessment. Wound Repair Regen 2004;12(3 Suppl):S1-17.
- Kantor J, Margolis DJ. Efficacy and prognostic value of simple wound measurements. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1571-4.
- Jorgensen LB, Sorensen JA, Jemec GB, Yderstraede KB. Methods to assess area and volume of wounds: a systematic review. Int Wound J 2016;13:540-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12472
- Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
- Grada A, Phillips TJ. Pressure injuries [Internet]. In: Editorial staff of Merck & Co., Inc. Merck Manual for the Professional. Rahway (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 21]. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/pressure-injury/pressure-injuries#.
- Kuhls DA, Rathmacher JA, Musngi MD, Frisch DA, Nielson J, Barber A, et al. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma 2007;62:125-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31802dca93
- Rathmacher JA, Nissen S, Panton L, Clark RH, Eubanks May P, Barber AE, et al. Supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), arginine, and glutamine is safe and could improve hematological parameters. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004;28:65-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/014860710402800265
- Gundogdu RH, Temel H, Bozkirli BO, Ersoy E, Yazgan A, Yildirim Z. Mixture of arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate enhances the healing of ischemic wounds in rats. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017;41:1045-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607115625221