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Challenges faced by elementary teachers in implementing the five practices for effective mathematical discussions

효과적인 수학적 논의를 위한 5가지 관행의 적용 과정에서 초등학교 교사들이 직면하는 어려움

  • Received : 2023.02.01
  • Accepted : 2023.02.16
  • Published : 2023.02.28

Abstract

Even the teachers who agree with the necessity of effective mathematical discussions find it difficult to orchestrate such discussions in the actual lessons. This study focused on analyzing the difficulties 15 elementary school teachers faced in applying "the five practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions" to their lessons. Specifically, this study analyzed the process of planning, implementing, and reflecting on the lessons to which three or four teachers as a teacher community applied the five practices. The results of this study showed that the teachers experienced difficulties in selecting and presenting tasks tailored to the student levels and class environment, monitoring all students' solutions, and identifying the core mathematical ideas in student solutions. In addition, this study revealed practical and specific difficulties that had not been described in the previous studies, such as writing a lesson plan for effective use, simultaneously performing multiple teacher roles, and visually sharing student presentations. This study is expected to provide practical tips for elementary school teachers who are eager to promote effective mathematical discussions and to provoke professional discourse for teacher educators through specific examples.

많은 교사들이 수학 수업에서 효과적인 논의를 하고 싶어 하지만 정작 성공적으로 수행하기란 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 '효과적인 수학적 논의를 위해 교사가 알아야 할 5가지 관행'에 대해서 학습하고 이를 수업에 적극적으로 적용하는 과정에서 15명의 초등학교 교사들이 실제적으로 어떤 어려움에 직면하는지를 분석하는 것에 중점을 두었다. 특히 본 연구 대상 교사들이 3~4명씩 교사 공동체를 구성하여 5가지 관행을 적용한 수업을 설계·실행·반성하는 과정을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 학생들의 수준과 수업 환경에 적합한 과제를 선정하는 데 가장 많은 어려움을 겪었고, 모든 학생들의 해결 방법을 점검하는 것, 그리고 학생들의 해결 방법을 핵심적인 수학적 아이디어와 연결하는 것에 어려움을 겪는 것으로 드러났다. 또한 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 지도안 작성하기, 다양한 교사의 역할을 동시에 수행하기, 학생의 발표를 시각적으로 공유하기 등과 같이 기존의 선행 연구에서 강조되지 않았던 실제적이고 구체적인 어려움을 분석할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과가 초등학교 수학 수업에서 효과적인 논의를 이끌어 가고 싶은 교사에게 실질적인 도움이 되고 교사교육자에게 구체적인 사례를 통한 논의의 장을 확장하기를 기대한다.

Keywords

References

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