Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design and transient analysis of a compact and long-term-operable passive residual heat removal system

  • Wooseong Park (Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering., Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Yong Hwan Yoo (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Kyung Jun Kang (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Yong Hoon Jeong (Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering., Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2023.01.27
  • Accepted : 2023.08.02
  • Published : 2023.12.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Nuclear marine propulsion has been emerging as a next generation carbon-free power source, for which proper passive residual heat removal systems (PRHRSs) are needed for long-term safety. In particular, the characteristics of unlimited operation time and compact design are crucial in maritime applications due to the difficulties of safety aids and limited space. Accordingly, a compact and long-term-operable PRHRS has been proposed with the key design concept of using both air cooling and seawater cooling in tandem. To confirm its feasibility, this study conducted system design and a transient analysis in an accident scenario. Design results indicate that seawater cooling can considerably reduce the overall system size, and thus the compact and long-term-operable PRHRS can be realized. Regarding the transient analysis, the Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS-KS) code was used to analyze the system behavior under a station blackout condition. Results show that the proposed design can satisfy the design requirements with a sufficient margin: the coolant temperature reached the safe shutdown condition within 36 h, and the maximum cooling rate did not exceed 40 ℃/h. Lastly, it was assessed that both air cooling and seawater cooling are necessary for achieving long-term operation and compact design.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Nuclear Convergence Technology Development Program through the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. NRF2020M2D1A101854222).

References

  1. International Maritime Organization (IMO), Initial IMO strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships, Resolution MEPC 304 (72) (2018) adopted on 13 April.
  2. USNRC, Policy and Technical Issue Associated with the Regulatory Treatment of Non-safety Systems in Passvie Plant Designs, 1994. SECY-94-084).
  3. Y. Zhang, S. Qiu, G. Su, W. Tian, Design and transient analyses of emergency passive residual heat removal system of CPR1000. Part I: air cooling condition, Prog. Nucl. Energy 53 (2011) 471-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2011.03.001.
  4. M.W. Na, D. Shin, J.H. Park, J.I. Lee, S.J. Kim, Indefinite sustainability of passive residual heat removal system of small modular reactor using dry air cooling tower, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 52 (2019) 964-974, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2019.11.003.
  5. B.I. Moat, M.J. Yelland, A.F. Molland, Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part II: application of the model results, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 23 (2006) 351-360, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1859.1.
  6. International Maritime Organization (IMO), SOLAS Chapter V, Safety of Navigation, 2002.
  7. D.T. Ingersoll, Z.J. Houghton, R. Bromm, C. Desportes, NuScale small modular reactor for Co-generation of electricity and water, Desalination 340 (2014) 84-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.02.023.
  8. J. Zhang, J. Buongiorno, M. Golay, N. Todreas, Ocean-based passive decay heat removal in the offshore floating nuclear plant (OFNP), in: The 16h International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH-16, 2015.
  9. W. Park, Y.H. Jeong, Feasibility of the compact and long-term operable Prhrs for the nuclear propulsion ship, in: The 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH-19, 2022.
  10. J.J. Jeong, K.S. Ha, B.D. Chung, W.J. Lee, Development of a multi-dimensional thermal-hydraulic system code, MARS 1.3.1, Ann. Nucl. Energy 26 (1999) 1611-1642, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4549(99)00039-0.
  11. H. Park, H. Bae, S. Ryu, J. Yang, B. Jeon, S. Lee, Y. Bang, Major results from integral effect tests using SMART-ITL for SMART pre-project engineering, in: Transactions of the Korean, Nuclear Society Spring Meeting, 2019.
  12. L.O. Freire, D.A. De Andrade, Historic survey on nuclear merchant ships, Nucl. Eng. Des. 293 (2015) 176-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.07.031.
  13. B.S. Oh, Y. Kim, S.J. Kim, J.I. Lee, SMART with Trans-Critical CO2 power conversion system for maritime propulsion in Northern Sea Route, part 1: system design, Ann. Nucl. Energy 149 (2020), 107792, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107792.
  14. P. Webb, Introduction to Oceanography, 2021.
  15. D.G. Kroger, Air-cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers: Thermal-Flow Performance Evaluation and Design:V2, first ed., PennWell Corporation, Oklahoma, 2004.
  16. F. Incropera, D. Dewitt, T. Bergman, A. Lavine, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, sixth ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 2005.
  17. W.J. Minkowycz, E.M. Sparrow, Local Nonsimilar Solutions for Natural Convection on a Vertical Cylinder, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper), 1974, pp. 178-183.
  18. T. Cebeci, Laminar-free-convective heat transfer from the outer surface of a vertical slender circular cylinder, in: International Heat Transfer Conference 5, 1974.
  19. E. Cao, Heat Transfer in Process Engineering, 2010.
  20. M.M. Shah, A general correlation for heat transfer during film condensation inside pipes, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 22 (1979) 547-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(79)90058-9.
  21. D.E. Briggs, E.H. Young, Convection heat transfer and pressure drop of air flowing across triangular pitch banks of finned tubes, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. (1963) 645-655, 2014.
  22. NuScale Power LLC, Chapter Five: Reactor Coolant System and Connecting Systems, 2020.
  23. D. Xing, C. Yan, L. Sun, Y. Wang, Experimental investigations of single-phase and two-phase flow resistance in narrow rectangular duct under rolling condition, AIP Conf. Proc. 1547 (2013) 339-349, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816884.
  24. J. Ma, Y.P. Huang, X.Z. Liu, R.J. Li, Fully developed laminar flow in a rolling narrow rectangular duct, Nucl. Power Eng. 2 (2013) 44-50.
  25. S. Tan, Z. Wang, C. Wang, S. Lan, Flow fluctuations and flow friction characteristics of vertical narrow rectangular channel under rolling motion conditions, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 50 (2013) 69-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.05.006.
  26. Z. Zhu, C. Tian, S. Yu, T. Ren, J. Wang, C. Yan, Natural circulation flow resistance correlations in a rod bundle channel under vertical, inclined and rolling motion conditions, Ann. Nucl. Energy 130 (2019) 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2019.02.031.
  27. S. Yu, J. Wang, M. Yan, C. Yan, X. Cao, Experimental and numerical study on single-phase flow characteristics of natural circulation system with heated narrow rectangular channel under rolling motion condition, Ann. Nucl. Energy 103 (2017) 97-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2017.01.008.
  28. Y. Zhang, P. Gao, W.W. Kinnison, C. Chen, J. Zhou, Y. Lin, Analysis of natural circulation frictional resistance characteristics in a rod bundle channel under rolling motion conditions, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 103 (2019) 295-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.01.028.
  29. S. chao Tan, G.H. Su, P. zhen Gao, Experimental and theoretical study on single-phase natural circulation flow and heat transfer under rolling motion condition, Appl. Therm. Eng. 29 (2009) 3160-3168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.04.019.
  30. W. Tian, X. Cao, C. Yan, Z. Wu, Experimental study of single-phase natural circulation heat transfer in a narrow, vertical, rectangular channel under rolling motion conditions, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 107 (2017) 592-606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.094.
  31. C. Wang, X. Li, H. Wang, P. Gao, Experimental study on single-phase heat transfer of natural circulation in circular pipe under rolling motion condition, Nucl. Eng. Des. 273 (2014) 497-504, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.03.045.
  32. C. Wang, G. Xia, T. Cong, M. Peng, X. Lyu, L. Sun, Operation characteristics analyses on a marine-type passive residual heat removal system, Ann. Nucl. Energy 120 (2018) 546-558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2018.06.025.