Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the Nuclear Resdearch and Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (2021M2E3A2041351) and the Institute for Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel and the National Research Foundation of Korea (2021M2E1A1085193).
References
- W.Z. Chen, Y.S. Ma, H.D. Yu, F.F. Li, X.L. Li, X. Sillen, Effects of temperature and thermally-induced microstructure change on hydraulic conductivity of Boom Clay, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 9 (2017) 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.03.006
- W.J. Cho, Radioactive Waste Disposal, KAERI, 2017. KAERI/GP-495/2017.
- S.K.B. Posiva, Safety Functions, Performance Targets and Technical Design Requirements for a KBS-3V Repository, Posiva SKB, 2017. Report 02.
- S. Yoon, M.J. Kim, S. Chang, G.J. Lee, Evaluation on the buffer temperature by thermal conductivity of gap-filling material in a high-level radioactive waste repository, Nucl. Technol. Eng. 54 (2022) 4005-4012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2022.06.008
- J.O. Lee, Y.C. Choi, H.J. Choi, R&D Status on Gap-Filling Materials for the Buffer and Backfill of a HLW Repository, KAERI, 2013. KAERI/AR-1005/2013.
- P. Marjavaara, H. Kivikoski, Filling the Gap between Buffer and Rock in the Deposition Hole, Posiva Oy, 2011. Working Report 2011-33.
- M. Juvankoski, Buffer Design 2012, Posiva Oy, 2013, pp. 2012-2014. Posiva.
- J. Lee, H. Kim, I. Kim, H. Choi, D. Cho, Analyses on thermal stability and structural integrity of the improved disposal systems for spent nuclear fuels in Korea, J. Nucl. Fuel Cycle Waste Technol. 18 (S) (2020) 21-36. https://doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2020.18.S.21
- J.O. Lee, H.J. Choi, G.Y. Kim, D.K. Cho, Numerical analysis of the effect of gapfilling options on the maximum peak temperature of a buffer in a HLW repository, Prog. Nucl. Energy 111 (2019) 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2018.11.007
- J. Rutqvist, Thermal management associated with geologic disposal of large spent nuclear fuel canisters in tunnels with thermally engineered backfill, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 102 (2020), 103454.
- T.J. Park, D. Seoung, Thermal behavior of groundwater-saturated Korean buffer under the elevated temperature conditions: in-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study for the montmorillonite in Korean bentonite, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 53 (2021) 1511-1518.
- L. Zhen, J. Rutqvist, J.T. Birkholzer, H.H. Liu, On the impact of temperatures up to 200 ◦C in clay repositories with bentonite engineer barrier systems: a study with coupled thermal, hydrological, chemical, and mechanical modeling, Eng. Geol. 197 (2015) 278-295.
- SKB, Manufacturing of Large Scale Buffer Blocks, SKB, 2020. R-19-28.
- J.S. Kim, S. Yoon, W.J. Cho, Y.C. Choi, G.Y. Kim, A study on the manufacturing characteristics and field applicability of engineering-scale bentonite buffer block in a high-level nuclear waste repository, J. Nucl. Fuel Cycle Waste Technol. 16 (2018) 123-136. https://doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2018.16.1.123
- S. Yoon, S. Chang, D. Park, Investigation of soil-water characteristic curve for compacted bentonite considering dry density, Prog. Nucl. Energy 151 (2022), 104318.
- H. Khan, A.S. Yerramilli, A. D'Oliveira, T.L. Alford, D.C. Boffito, G.S. Patience, Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X-ray diffraction spectroscopy-XRD, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 98 (6) (2020) 1255-1266.
- C.Y. Major, XRF method XRF analysis of rocks and minerals for major and trace elements on a single low dilution Li-tetraborate fused bead, Adv. X Ray Anal. 41 (1999) 843-867.
- Y. Qin, D. Xu, B. Lalit, Effect of bentonite content and hydration time on mechanical properties of sand-bentonite mixture, Appl. Sci. 11 (2021), 12001.
- G.J. Lee, S. Yoon, T. Kim, S. Chang, Investigation of the various properties of several candidate additives as buffer materials, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 55 (3) (2023) 1191-1198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2022.11.017
- W.H. Hendershot, M. Duquette, A simple barium chloride method for determining cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations, Soil Sci. Am. J. 50 (1986) 605-608. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000030013x
- B.M. Das, Principle of Geotechnical Engineering, sixth ed., Nelson, Scarborough, 2006.
- I. Newton, The Principia, (1687), Translated by A. Motte, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, New York, 1972, pp. 187-188.
- S. Maruyama, S. Moriya, Newton's law of cooling: follow up and exploration, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 164 (2021), 120544.
- S. Dahariya, A.R. Betz, Theoretical and experimental analysis of increasing pressure during pool-boiling, in: Proceedings of the ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, Dubrovnik, Croatia, June 10-13, 2018.
- J. Cui, C. Lei, Z. Xing, C. Li, S. Ma, Predictions of the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of high strength steel in hot stamping, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 21 (2012) 2244-2254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0180-9