DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Tourism Experience Sharing of Long-term Living Chinese in South Korea: Case of Xiaohongshu App (RED)

한국 장기체류 중국인 관광앱 사용경험: 샤오홍슈(Xiaohongshu) 앱 사례

  • Tian Zhang (Smart Tourism Platform, Kyunghee University) ;
  • Jialing Zhang (Smart Tourism Platform, Kyunghee University) ;
  • Chulmo Koo (Department of Convention Management/Smart tourism platform, Kyunghee University)
  • 장티엔 (경희대학교 스마트관광원) ;
  • 장가령 (경희대학교 스마트관광원) ;
  • 구철모 (경희대학교 호텔관광대학원 스마트관광원 )
  • Received : 2023.01.03
  • Accepted : 2023.02.03
  • Published : 2023.05.31

Abstract

This study analyzes and examines the travel behavior of Chinese people in Korea through a questionnaire survey of Chinese people who are long-term residents in Korea using Xiaohongshu App (RED). In this study, we add some variables to the MTEs (Memorable Tourism Experiences) model to analyze the travel behavior of Chinese people who are in Korea for a long period of time. We also chose to survey the users of Xiaohongshu App (RED), a popular software in recent years, and found the following findings in 240 valid questionnaires: (1) Scenery, Entertainment, and Informativeness have positive effects on people sharing travel experiences, while interaction does not. (2) Sharing travel experiences had a positive effect on travel satisfaction and the intention to go to other destinations, and travel satisfaction had a positive effect on the intention to go to other destinations. This paper extends the literature on tourism by combining MTEs and UGC (User-Generated Content) models, and also provides relevant suggestions for further research on the travel behavior of foreigners in Korea.

본 연구는 샤오홍슈 앱(RED app)을 이용하여 한국에 장기간 체류하는 중국인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 중국인의 한국 관광행위를 조사하고 분석하였다. 기억할만한 관광경험(MTEs: Memorable Tourism Experiences) 모델을 기반으로 몇 가지 변수를 추가하여 한국에서 장기간 체유하는 중국인의 여행 행동을 분석합니다. 최근 사용자 수가 많은 모바일 앱: 샤우홍슈(RED)의 이용자를 대상으로 조사했다. 212개의 유효한 표본분석을 통해 몇 가지 결론을 도출하였다. (1) 경치, 오락 및 정보성이 사람들의 여행 경험 공유에게 긍정적 영향을 주지만 상호작용 요인이 그렇지 않다는 결론을 발견하였다. (2) 여행 경험을 공유하는 행위는 여행 만족도와 다른 목적지에 방문하는 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 여행 만족도는 한국에 있는 다른 목적지에 방문하는 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 파악했다. 이 연구는 기억할만한 관광경험과 사용자 생성 콘텐츠(UGC: User-Generated Content) 모델을 결합하여 관광에 대한 문헌을 확장하여 외국인의 한국 관광행위에 관련하는 연구를 파악할 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문 또는 저서는 2019년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2019S1A3A2098438).

References

  1. Akehurst, G., "User generated content: The use of blogs for tourism organizations and tourism consumers", Service Business, Vol.3, No.1, 2009, pp. 51-61.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-008-0054-2
  2. Alegre, J. and J. Garau, "Tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.37, No.1, 2010, pp. 52-73.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.07.001
  3. Alegre, J. and C. Juaneda, "Destination loyalty: Consumers' economic behavior", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.33, No.3, 2006, pp. 684-706.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.014
  4. Alexander, N., "Retailers and international markets: Motives for expansion", International Marketing Review, 1990. 
  5. Al-Masroori, R. S., "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships between destination planning and development strategies and stakeholders' support in enhancing Oman's tourism industry", Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Griffith University, Australia, 2006. 
  6. Arcury, T. A., J. S. Preisser, W. M. Gesler, and J. M. Powers, "Access to transportation and health care utilization in a rural region", The Journal of Rural Health, Vol.21, No.1, 2005, pp. 31-38.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00059.x
  7. Arvidsson, V., J. Holmstrom, and K. Lyytinen, "Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol.23, No.1, 2014, pp. 45-61.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2014.01.004
  8. Bagozzi, R. P. and T. F. Heatherton, "A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem", Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, Vol.1, No.1, 1994, pp. 35-67.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519409539961
  9. Baker, D. A. and J. L. Crompton, "Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.27, No.3, 2000, pp. 785-804.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00108-5
  10. Berhanu, K. and S. Raj, "The trustworthiness of travel and tourism information sources of social media: Perspectives of international tourists visiting Ethiopia", Heliyon, Vol.6, No.3, 2022, pp. e03439. 
  11. Besciu, I. G., "Behavior of the consumer of tourist entertainment services", Cactus Tourism Journal, Vol.4, No.2, 2013, pp. 9-19. 
  12. Bilgihan, A., A. Barreda, F. Okumus, and K. Nusair, "Consumer perception of knowledge-sharing in travel-related online social networks", Tourism Management, Vol.52, 2016, pp. 287-296.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.002
  13. Blau, P. M., "Social exchange", International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol.7, No.4, 1968, pp. 452-457. 
  14. Bouchet, P., A. M. Lebrun, and S. Auvergne, "Sport tourism consumer experiences: A comprehensive model", Journal of Sport & Tourism, Vol.9, No.2, 2004, pp. 127-140.  https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080410001732578
  15. Boyd, D. M. and N. B. Ellison, "Social network sites: Definition, history and scholarship", Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, Vol.13, No.1, 2010, Article. 
  16. Breda, Z., "The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on China's tourism sector", Tourism Research Journal, Vol.1, No.2, 2004, pp. 5-14. 
  17. Brewer, M. B., Intergroup Relations, Oxford University Press, 2010. 
  18. Buhalis, D. and A. Amaranggana, "Smart tourism destinations", In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014, 2013, pp. 553-564. 
  19. Cai, W., S. Richter, and B. McKenna, "Progress on technology use in tourism", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, Vol.10, No.4, 2019, pp. 651-672.  https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-07-2018-0068
  20. Cantallops, A. S. and F. Salvi, "New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels", International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol.36, 2014, pp. 41-51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.007
  21. Caru, A. and B. Cova, "Revisiting consumption experience: A more humble but complete view of the concept", Marketing Theory, Vol.3, No.2, 2003, pp. 267-286.  https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931030032004
  22. Chan, N. L. and B. D. Guillet, "Investigation of social media marketing: How does the hotel industry in Hong Kong perform in marketing on social media websites?", Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol.28, No.4, 2011, pp. 345-368.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.571571
  23. Chen, X., Z. F. Cheng, and G. B. Kim, "Make it memorable: Tourism experience, fun, recommendation and revisit intentions of Chinese outbound tourists", Sustainability, Vol.12, No.5, 2020, 1904. 
  24. Chen, Y., H. Zhang, and L. Qiu, "A review on tourist satisfaction of tourism destinations", LISS 2012, Vol.3, No.1, 2013, pp. 593-604. 
  25. Chiao, H. M., Y. L. Chen, and W. H. Huang, "Examining the usability of an online virtual tour-guiding platform for cultural tourism education", Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, Vol.23, 2018, pp. 29-38.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2018.05.002
  26. Cho, H., J. Choi, W. No, M. Oh, and Y. Kim, "Accessibility of welfare facilities for elderly people in Daejeon, South Korea considering public transportation accessibility", Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol.12, 2021, pp. 100514. 
  27. Choi, Y., B. Hickerson, and D. Kerstetter, "Understanding the sources of online travel information", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.57, No.1, 2018, pp. 116-128.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516683833
  28. Chung, N. and C. Koo, "The use of social media in travel information search", Telematics and Informatics, Vol.32, No.2, 2015, pp. 215-229.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.08.005
  29. Cifci, I., "Testing self-congruity theory in Bektashi faith destinations: The roles of memorable tourism experience and destination attachment", Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol.28, No.1, 2022, pp. 3-19.  https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667211011758
  30. Clemes, M. D., C. Gan, and M. Ren, "Synthesizing the effects of service quality, value, and customer satisfaction on behavioral intentions in the motel industry: An empirical analysis", Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol.35, No.4, 2011, pp. 530-568.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348010382239
  31. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert, H. Fyall, and S. Wanhill, Tourism principles and practice, Prentice Hall,Harlow, England: Pearson Education, 2013. 
  32. Coudounaris, D. N. and E. Sthapit, "Antecedents of memorable tourism experience related to behavioral intentions", Psychology & Marketing, Vol.34, No.12, 2017, pp. 1084-1093.  https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21048
  33. Daniele, A. N. A. B. A. and A. O. Thomas, "Segmenter le marche du tourisme via les variables affectives: Le role de l'attachement a la destinatirketing-trends-congress, 2015, pp. 1-21. 
  34. Deccio, C. and S. Baloglu, "Nonhost community resident reactions to the 2002 Winter Olympics: The spillover impacts", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.41, No.1, 2002, pp. 46-56.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287502041001006
  35. Dias, C. and V. Dias, "Memorable tourism experience design an effective destination marketing tool", Anatolia, Vol.30, No.4, 2019, pp. 626-628.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2019.1668727
  36. Dominick, J. R., The Dynamics of Mass Communication (No. 302.23/D671), New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. 
  37. Donthu, N., S. Kumar, N. Pandey, N. Pandey, and A. Mishra, "Mapping the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) research: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis", Journal of Business Research, Vol.135, 2021, pp. 758-773.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.015
  38. Emerson, T. I., "Toward a general theory of the First Amendment", Yale Lj, Vol.72, 1962, p. 877. 
  39. Enoch, Y. and R. Grossman, "Blogs of Israeli and Danish backpackers to India", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.37, No.2, pp. 520-536. Available at: doi:10.1016/j.annals.2009.11.004. 
  40. Enz, C. A. and J. A. Siguaw, "Revisiting the best of the best: Innovations in hotel practice", Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol.44, No.5-6, 2003, pp. 115-123.  https://doi.org/10.1177/001088040304400516
  41. Fairley, S., H. Gibson, and M. Lamont, "Temporal manifestations of nostalgia: Le Tour de France", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.70, 2018, pp. 120-130.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.09.004
  42. Fornell, C. and F. L. Bookstein, "Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.19, No.4, 1982, pp. 440-452.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378201900406
  43. Fornell, C. and D. F. Larcker, "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.18, No.1, 1981, pp. 39-50.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  44. Fotis, J. N., D. Buhalis, and N. Rossides, "Social media use and impact during the holiday travel planning process", Springer-Verlag, 2012, pp. 13-24. 
  45. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., J. L. Galdon-Salvador, and I. Gil-Pechuan, "The economic sustainability of tourism growth through leakage calculation", Tourism Economics, Vol.21, No.4, 2015, pp. 721-739.  https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0372
  46. Ghazvini, S. A. M., D. J. Timothy, and J. Sarmento, "Environmental concerns and attitudes of tourists towards national park uses and services", Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, Vol.31, 2020, 100296. 
  47. Ghosh, V. E. and A. Gilboa, "What is a memory schema? A historical perspective on current neuroscience literature", Neuropsychologia, Vol.53, 2014, pp. 104-114.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.010
  48. Giuliani, M. V. and R. Feldman, "Place attachment in a developmental and cultural context, Place Attachment. Human Behavior and Environment", Advances in Theory and Research, Vol.12, 1992. 
  49. Gonzalez, M. E. A., L. R. Comesana, and J. A. F. Brea, "Assessing tourist behavioral intentions through perceived service quality and customer satisfaction", Journal of Business Research, Vol.60, No.2, 2007, pp. 153-160.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.10.014
  50. Gretzel, U., "Tourism and social media", The Sage handbook of tourism management, Vol.2, pp. 415-432. 
  51. Grobler, T. L., C. D. Nunhokee, O. M. Smirnov, A. J. Van Zyl, and A. G. De Bruyn, "Calibration artefacts in radio interferometry-I. Ghost sources in Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope data", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol.439, No.4, 2014, pp. 4030-4047.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu268
  52. Harman, D., "A single factor test of common method variance", Journal of Psychology, Vol.35, 1967, pp. 359-378. 
  53. Hays, S., S. J. Page, and D. Buhalis, "Social media as a destination marketing tool: Its use by national tourism organisations", Current issues in Tourism, Vol.16, No.3, 2013, pp. 211-239.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.662215
  54. Hensel, K. and M. H. Deis, "Using social media to increase advertising and improve marketing", The Entrepreneurial Executive, Vol.15, 2010, pp. 87. 
  55. Ho, C. I., M. H. Lin, and H. M. Chen, "Web users' behavioural patterns of tourism information search: From online to offline", Tourism Management, Vol.33, No.6, 2012, pp. 1468-1482.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.016
  56. Homans, G. C., "The humanities and the social sciences", American Behavioral Scientist, Vol.4, No.8, 1961, pp. 3-6.  https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426100400802
  57. Hopken, W., M. Fuchs, D. Keil, and M. Lexhagen, "Business intelligence for cross-process knowledge extraction at tourism destinations", Information Technology & Tourism, Vol.15, 2015, pp. 101-130.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-015-0023-2
  58. Hosany, S., G. Prayag, S. Deesilatham, S. Causevic, and K. Odeh, "Measuring tourists' emotional experiences: Further validation of the destination emotion scale", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.54, No.4, 2015, pp. 482-495.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514522878
  59. Hosany, S., G. Prayag, R. Van Der Veen, S. Huang, and S. Deesilatham, "Mediating effects of place attachment and satisfaction on the relationship between tourists' emotions and intention to recommend", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.56, No.8, 2017, pp. 1079-1093.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516678088
  60. Hosany, S., E. Sthapit, and P. Bjork, "Memorable tourism experience: A review and research agenda", Psychology & Marketing, Vol.39, No.8, 2022, pp. 1467-1486.  https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21665
  61. Hsu, C. H., S. K. Kang, and T. Lam, "Reference group influences among Chinese travelers", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.44, No.4, 2006, pp. 474-484.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287505282951
  62. Hu, N., I. Bose, N. S. Koh, L. Liu, " Manipulation of online reviews: An analysis of ratings, readability, and sentiments", Decision Support Systems, Vol.52, No.3, 2012, pp. 674-684.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.11.002
  63. Hu, Y. and J. B. Ritchie, "Measuring destination attractiveness: A contextual approach", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.32, No.2, 1993, pp. 25-34.  https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759303200204
  64. Hutchinson, J., F. Lai, and Y. Wang, "Understanding the relationships of quality, value, equity, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions among golf travelers", Tourism Management, Vol.30, No.2, 2009, pp. 298-308.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.010
  65. Jacobsen, J. K. S. and A. M. Munar, "Tourist information search and destination choice in a digital age", Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol.1, No.1, 2012, pp. 39-47. Available at: doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2011.12.005 
  66. Jacucci, G., A. Oulasvirta, and A. Salovaara, "Active construction of experience through mobile media: A field study with implications for recording and sharing", Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol.11, 2007, pp. 215-234.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-006-0084-5
  67. Jansen-Verbeke, M. and Van J. Rekom, "Scanning museum visitors: Urban tourism marketing", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.23, No.2, 1996, pp. 364-375.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00076-3
  68. Jansson, A., "A sense of tourism: New media and the dialectic of encapsulation /decapsulation", Tourist Studies, Vol.7, No.1, 2007, pp. 5-24.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797607079799
  69. Jeong, E. and S. S. Jang, "Restaurant experiences triggering positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) motivations", International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol.30, No.2, 2011, pp. 356-366.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.08.005
  70. Jung, D. and M. H. Cho, "A discovery of the positive travel experience in pre-trip, on-site and post-trip stage", pp. 1-6. 
  71. Jurowski, C. and D. Gursoy, "Distance effects on residents' attitudes toward tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.31, No.2, 2004, pp. 296-312.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.12.005
  72. Khaghaany, M., S. Kbelah, and A. Almagtome, "Value relevance of sustainability reporting under an accounting information system: Evidence from the tourism industry. African Journal of Hospitality", Tourism and Leisure, Vol.8, 2019, pp. 1-12. 
  73. Kim, J. and D. R. Fesenmaier, "Sharing tourism experiences: The posttrip experience", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.56, No.1, 2017, pp. 28-40.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515620491
  74. Kim, J. and J. Ritchie, "Cross-Cultural Validation of a Memorable Tourism Experience Scale (MTES)", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.53, No.3, 2014, pp. 323-335.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513496468
  75. Kim, J. H., "The impact of memorable tourism experiences on loyalty behaviors: The mediating effects of destination image and satisfaction", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.57, No.7, 2018, 856-870.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517721369
  76. Kim, J. H., J. B. Ritchie, and B. McCormick, "Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.51, No.1, 2012, pp. 12-25.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510385467
  77. Kirillova, K., X. Y. Lehto, and L. Cai, "Existential authenticity and anxiety as outcomes: The tourist in the experience economy", International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.19, No.1, 2017, pp. 13-26.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2080
  78. Law, R., R. Leung, A. Lo, D. Leung, and L. H. N. Fong, "Distribution channel in hospitality and tourism: Revisiting disintermediation from the perspectives of hotels and travel agencies", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol.27, No.3, 2015, pp. 431-452.  https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2013-0498
  79. Le, Y. Z., Y. Bai, M. Zhu, and L. Zheng, "Temporal requirement of RPE derived VEGF in the development of choroidal vasculature", Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol.112, No.6, 2010, pp. 1584-1592.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06573.x
  80. Lee, C. and R. Hallak, "Investigating the effects of offline and online social capital on tourism SME performance: A mixed-methods study of New Zealand entrepreneurs", Tourism Management, Vol.80, 2020, pp. 104-128.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104128
  81. Lee, C. F., W. M. Ou, and H. I. Huang, "A study of destination attractiveness through domestic visitors' perspectives: The case of Taiwan's hot springs tourism sector", Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.14, No.1, 2009, pp. 17-38.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660902727991
  82. Lee, F. L., "Cultural discount and cross-culture predictability: Examining the box office performance of American movies in Hong Kong", Journal of Media Economics, Vol.19, No.4, 2006, pp. 259-278.  https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1904_3
  83. Lee, K. H. and S. S. Hyun, "The effects of perceived destination ability and destination brand love on tourists' loyalty to post-disaster tourism destinations: The case of Korean tourists to Japan", Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol.33, No.5, 2016, pp. 613-627.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1167349
  84. Lee, Y. J., "Creating memorable experiences in a reuse heritage site", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.55, 2015, pp. 155-170.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.09.009
  85. Li, C., G. Cui, and L. Peng, "The signaling effect of management response in engaging customers: A study of the hotel industry", Tourism Management, Vol.62, 2017, pp. 42-53.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.03.009
  86. Li, Y., Hu, C., C. Huang, and L. Duan, "The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism informaiton services", Tourism Management, Vol.48, 2016, pp. 293-300.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.014
  87. Lien, C. H. and Y. Cao, "Examining WeChat users' motivations, trust, attitudes, and positive word-of-mouth: Evidence from China", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.41, 2014, pp. 104-111.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.08.013
  88. Lin, C. H. and B. Z. L. Kuo, "The behavioral consequences of tourist experience", Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol.18, 2016, 84-91.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.017
  89. Lu, W. and S. Stepchenkova, "User-generated content as a research mode in tourism and hospitality applications: Topics, methods, and software", Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, Vol.24, No.2, 2015, pp. 119-154.  https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2014.907758
  90. Luo, J. M. and C. F. Lam, Entertainment tourism, Routledge, 2017. 
  91. Luo, J. M., C. F. Lam, and D. X. Fan, "The development of measurement scale for entertainment tourism experience: A case study in Macau", Current Issues in Tourism, Vol.23, No.7, 2020, pp. 852-866.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1556251
  92. McGehee, N. G. and K. L. Andereck, "Factors predicting rural residents' support of tourism", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.43, No.2, 2004, pp. 131-140.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504268234
  93. McKercher, B., "Some fundamental truths about tourism: Understanding tourism's social and environmental impacts", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol.1, No.1, 1193, pp. 6-16. 
  94. Mehmetoglu, M. and M. Engen, "Pine and Gilmore's concept of experience economy and its dimensions: An empirical examination in tourism", Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, Vol.12, No.4, 2011, pp. 237-255.  https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2011.541847
  95. Menon, K. and L. Dube, "The effect of emotional provider support on angry versus anxious consumers", International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol.24, No.3, 2007, pp. 268-275.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2007.04.001
  96. Minton, E., "For your amusement: What the entertainment industry is doing for places large and small", Planning, Vol.64, No.9, 1998, pp. 12-15. 
  97. Miranda, S. M. and C. S. Saunders, "The social construction of meaning: An alternative perspective on information sharing", Information Systems Research, Vol.14, No.1, 2003, pp. 87-106.  https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.1.87.14765
  98. Munar, A. M. and J. K. S. Jacobsen, "Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media", Tourism Management, Vol.43, 2014, pp. 46-54.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.012
  99. Munar, A. M. and J. K. S., Jacobsen, "Trust and involvement in tourism social media and web-based travel information sources", Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Vol.13, No.1, 2013, pp. 1-19.  https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2013.764511
  100. Munar, A. M., "Digital exhibitionism: The age of exposure", Culture Unbound, Vol.2, No.3, 2010, pp. 401-422.  https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10223401
  101. Nezakati, H., A. Amidi, Y. Y. Jusoh, S. Moghadas, Y. A. Aziz, and R. Sohrabinezhadtalemi, "Review of social media potential on knowledge sharing and collaboration in tourism industry", Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, Vol.172, 2015, pp. 120-125.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.344
  102. Oh, H., A. M. Fiore, and M. Jeoung, "Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.46, No.2, 2007, pp. 119-132.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304039
  103. Olorunniwo, F., M. K. Hsu, and G. J. Udo, "Service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in the service factory", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.20, No.1, 2006, pp. 59-72.  https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040610646581
  104. Orden-Mejia, M., M. Carvache-Franco, A. Huertas, W. Carvache-Franco, N. Landeta-Bejarano, and O. Carvache-Franco, "Post-COVID-19 tourists' preferences, attitudes and travel expectations: A Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No.8, 2022, p. 4822. 
  105. Pai, C. K., Y. Liu, S. Kang, and A. Dai, "The role of perceived smart tourism technology experience for tourist satisfaction, happiness and revisit intention", Sustainability, Vol.12, No.16, 2020, pp. 65-92.  https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166592
  106. Pasaogullari, N. and N. Doratli, "Measuring accessibility and utilization of public spaces in Famagusta", Cities, Vol.21, No.3, 2004, pp. 225-232.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.03.003
  107. Pearce, R. D., "Internationalization of research and development by multinational enterprises", Springer, 1989. 
  108. Perdue, R. R., P. T. Long, and L. Allen, "Rural resident tourism perceptions and attitudes", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.14, No.3, 1987, pp. 420-429.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(87)90112-5
  109. Pizam, A., "Tourism's impacts: The social costs to the destination community as perceived by its residents", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.16, No.4, 1987, pp. 8-12.  https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757801600402
  110. Pizam, A., Y. Mansfeld, and K. S. Chon, Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism, Psychology Press, 1999. 
  111. Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, J. Y. Lee, and N. P. Podsakoff, "Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.88, No.5, 2003, pp. 879. 
  112. Prayag, G., S. Hosany, B. Muskat, and G. Del Chiappa, "Understanding the relationships between tourists' emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.56, No.1, 2017, pp. 41-54.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515620567
  113. Ren, Y., "Applied research of service system design for Chinese culture open community", 2018. 
  114. Rong, J., H. Q. Vu, R. Law, and G. Li, "A behavioral analysis of web sharers and browsers in Hong Kong using targeted association rule mining", Tourism Management, Vol. 33, No.4, 2012, pp. 731-740.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.08.006
  115. Salleh, M., K. Omar, A. Y. Yaakop, and A. R. Mahmmod, "Tourist satisfaction in Malaysia", International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol.4, No.5, 2013, pp. 221-226. 
  116. Schmallegger, D. and D. Carson, "Blogs in tourism: Changing approaches to information exchange", Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 14, No.2, 2008. pp. 99-110.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707087519
  117. Schmallegger, D. and D. Carson, "Blogs in tourism: Changing approaches to information exchange", Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol.14, No.2, 2008, pp. 99-110. Available at: doi:10.1177/1356766707087519. 
  118. Seyfi, S., C. M. Hall, and S. M. Rasoolimanesh, "Exploring memorable cultural tourism experiences", Journal of Heritage Tourism, Vol.15, No.3, 2020, pp. 341-357.  https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2019.1639717
  119. Sharma, P. and J. K. Nayak, "Understanding memorable tourism experiences as the determinants of tourists' behaviour", International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.21, No.4, 2019, pp. 504-518.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2278
  120. Shih, C., The Facebook era: Tapping online social networks to build better products, reach new audiences, and sell more stuff (1st ed.), Boston, MA: Prentice Hall, 2009. 
  121. Sie, L., K. V. Phelan, and S. Pegg, "The interrelationships between self-determined motivations, memorable experiences and overall satisfaction: A case of older Australian educational tourists", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, Vol.9, No.3, 2018, pp. 354-379.  https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0098
  122. Singh, S. and P. Srivastava, "Social media for outbound leisure travel: A framework based on technology acceptance model (TAM)", Journal of Tourism Futures, Vol.5, No.1, 2019, pp. 43-61.  https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-10-2018-0058
  123. So, K. K. F., H. Kim, and S. Min, "Creating customer value in the sharing economy: An investigation of Airbnb users and their tripographic characteristics", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol.34, No.1, 2022, pp. 23-45.  https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2020-1500
  124. Song, H., G. Li, R. Van der Veen, and J. L. Chen, "Assessing mainland Chinese tourists' satisfaction with Hong Kong using the Tourist Satisfaction Index", International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.13, No.1, 2010, pp. 82-96.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.801
  125. Soutar, G. N., "Service quality, customer satisfaction and value: An examination of their relationships", Service Quality Management in Hospitality, Tourism, and leisure, Vol.31, 2001, pp. 97-110. 
  126. Stepchenkova, S. and F. Zhan, "Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography", Tourism Management, Vol.36, 2013, pp. 590-601.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.006
  127. Stone, M. J., J. Soulard, S. Migacz, and E. Wolf, "Elements of memorable food, drink, and culinary tourism experiences", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.57, No.8, 2018, pp. 1121-1132.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517729758
  128. Stone, M., "Cross validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions", Journal of the royal statistical society: Series B (Methodological), Vol.36, No.2, 1974, pp. 111-133.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1974.tb00994.x
  129. Tan, W. K. and C. Y. Tang, "Does personality predict tourism information search and feedback behaviour?", Current Issues in Tourism, Vol.16, No.4, pp. 388-406. 
  130. Tatar, S. B. and I. Eren-Erdogmus, "The effect of social media marketing on brand trust and brand loyalty for hotels", Information Technology & Tourism, Vol.16, 2016, pp. 249-263.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-015-0048-6
  131. Tsai, C. T., "Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food", International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.18, No.6, 2016, pp. 536-548.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2070
  132. Tsiotsou, R. and V. Ratten, "Future research directions in tourism marketing", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol.28, No.4, 2010, pp. 533-544.  https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501011053702
  133. Tung, V. W. S. and J. B. Ritchie, "Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.38, No.4, 2011, pp. 1367-1386.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
  134. Usui, R., X. Wei, and C. Funck, "The power of social media in regional tourism development: A case study from Okunoshima Island in Hiroshima, Japan", Current Issues in Tourism, Vol.21, No.18, 2018, pp. 2052-2056.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1372393
  135. Van der Ark, L. A. and G. Richards, "Attractiveness of cultural activities in European cities: A latent class approach", Tourism Management, Vol.27, No.6, 2006, pp. 1408-1413.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.014
  136. Vogel, B. and J. Field, "(Re) constructing borders through the governance of tourism and trade in Ladakh, India", Political Geography, Vol.82, 2020, 102226. 
  137. Volo, S., "Bloggers' reported tourist experiences: Their utility as a tourism data source and their effect on prospective tourists", Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol.16, No.4, 2010, pp. 297-311.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766710380884
  138. Wang, Z., W. J. Huang, and B. Liu-Lastres, "Impact of user-generated travel posts on travel decisions: A comparative study on Weibo and Xiaohongshu", Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, Vol.3, No.2, 2022, pp. 100064. 
  139. Werthner, H., A. Alzua-Sorzabal, L. Cantoni, A. Dickinger, U. Gretzel, D. Jannach, ... and M. Zanker, "Future research issues in IT and tourism: A manifesto as a result of the JITT workshop in June 2014, Vienna", Information Technology & Tourism, Vol.15, 2015, pp. 1-15.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-014-0021-9
  140. Wirtz, J. and P. Chew, "The effects of incentives, deal proneness, satisfaction and tie strength on word-of-mouth behaviour", International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol.13, No.2, 2002, pp. 141-162.  https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230210425340
  141. Wisnawa, I. M. B., A. A. R. Wijayanti, and S. Jokosaharjo, "Tourists expectation and perception toward Sangeh tourism village", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol.5, No.2, 2019, pp. 218-227.  https://doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v5i2.158
  142. Wong, I. A. and M. S. Rosenbaum, "Beyond hardcore gambling: Understanding why mainland Chinese visit casinos in Macau", Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol.36, No.1, 2012, pp. 32-51.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348010380600
  143. Wong, J. W. C., I. K. W. Lai, and Z. Tao, "Sharing memorable tourism experiences on mobile social media and how it influences further travel decisions", Current Issues in Tourism, Vol.23, No.14, 2020, pp. 1773-1787.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1649372
  144. Xiang, Z. and U. Gretzel, "Role of social media in online travel information search", Tourism Management, Vol.31, No.2, 2010, pp. 179-188.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.016
  145. Xiang, Z., Q. Du, Y. Ma, and W. Fan, "A comparative analysis of major online review platforms: Implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism", Tourism Management, Vol. 58, 2017, pp. 51-65.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.001
  146. Xiang, Z., U. Gretzel, and D. R. Fesenmaier, "Semantic representation of tourism on the Internet", Journal of Travel Research, Vol.47, No.4, 2009, pp. 440-453.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508326650
  147. Xiang, Z., V. P. Magnini, and D. R. Fesenmaier, "Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.22, 2015, pp. 244-249.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.08.005
  148. Xu, F., M. Morgan, and P. Song, "Students' travel behaviour: A cross-cultural comparison of UK and China", International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.11, No.3, 2009, pp. 255-268.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.686
  149. Yang, J., C. Ryan, and L. Zhang, "Social conflict in communities impacted by tourism", Tourism Management, Vol.35, 2013, pp. 82-93.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.06.002
  150. Yang, J., C. Ryan, and L. Zhang, "Ethnic minority tourism in China-Han perspectives of Tuva figures in a landscape", Tourism Management, Vol.36, 2013, pp. 45-56.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.001
  151. Yoo, K. H. and U. Gretzel, "Influence of personality on travel-related consumer-generated media creation", Computers in human behavior, Vol.27, No.2, 2011, pp. 609-621.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.05.002
  152. Yu, L. and M. Goulden, "A comparative analysis of international tourists' satisfaction in Mongolia", Tourism Management, Vol.27, 2006, pp. 1331-1342.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.003
  153. Yu, Q., S. Pickering, R. Geng, and D. A. Yen, "Thanks for the memories: Exploring city tourism experiences via social media reviews", Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol.40, 2021, 100851. 
  154. Zaman, U. and M. Aktan, "Examining residents' cultural intelligence, place image and foreign tourist attractiveness: A mediated-moderation model of support for tourism development in Cappadocia (Turkey)", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Vol.46, 2021, pp. 393-404.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.017
  155. Zeng, B. and R. Gerritsen, "What do we know about social media in tourism? A review", Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol.10, 2014, pp. 27-36.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.01.001
  156. Ziauddeen, N., D. Gurdasani, M. E. O'Hara, C. Hastie, P. Roderick, G. Yao, and N. A. Alwan, "Characteristics and impact of Long Covid: Findings from an online survey", PloS one, Vol.17, No.3, 2022, e0264331.
  157. DATA.GO.KR. (2022). Monthly satatus of registered foreign nationnality (region): https://www.data.go.kr/data/15100020/fileData.do. 
  158. Leadleo, (2021), 2021 RED Brand Research Report: www.leadleo.com