Journal of Sport and Applied Science

한국스포츠과학회 (Korean Sports Science Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Isometric Exercise on Muscle Activity and Body Balance Ability in Asymmetrical Walkers

  • 투고 : 2023.02.27
  • 심사 : 2023.03.20
  • 발행 : 2023.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise on muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided to unilateral exercise group (UG, n=10) and bilateral exercise group (BG, n=10). UG were performed unilateral exercise for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks, and BG were performed one side and then the other side alternately for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks. Muscle activity and body balance ability were measured before, after 4 and 16 weeks isometric exercise. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured value of SL (step length). Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. Results: In the muscle activity, ST decreased significantly in short step length(S-SL) and BG of LS compared to before isometric exercise(p<.05), and GCM decreased significantly in BG of S-SL(p<.05). As for body balance ability, the mSEBT-A difference between L-SL and S-SL was decreased significantly in UG(p<.05). And the respective total scores of L-SL and S-SL, mSEBT-PM and mSEBT-PL were increased significantly in BG(p<.05). Conclusions: As a result, in this study above, it was confirmed that isometric exercise improved muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers.

키워드

과제정보

This study was supported by the research grant of the KODISA Scholarship Foundation in 2023.

참고문헌

  1. Aquino, C. F., Fonseca, S. T., Goncalves, G. G., Silva, P. L., Ocarino, J. M., & Mancini, M. C. (2010). Stretching versus strength training in lengthened position in subjects with tight hamstring muscles: a randomized controlled trial. Manual Therapy, 15(1), 26-31.
  2. Bishop, C., Turner, A., & Read, P. (2018). Training methods and considerations for practitioners to reduce interlimb asymmetries. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 40(2), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000354
  3. Bishop, C., Read, P., Lake, J., Loturco, I., Dawes, J., Madruga, M., Romero-Rodrigues, D., Chavda, S., & Turner, A. (2021). Unilateral isometric squat: Test reliability, interlimb asymmetries, and relationships with limb dominance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35, 144-151.
  4. Blitz, N. M., & Eliot, D. J. (2007). Anatomical aspects of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and its insertion a cadaveric study. Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 46(2), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2006.11.003
  5. Bulow, A., Anderson, J. E., Leiter, J. R., MacDonald, P. B., & Peeler, J. (2019). The modified star excursion balance and Ybalance test results differ when assessing physically active healthy adolescent females. International journal of sports Physical Therapy, 14(2), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20190192
  6. Fullam, K., Caulfield, B., Coughlan, G. F., & Delahunt, E. (2014). Kinematic analysis of selected reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test compared with the Y-Balance Test. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 23, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSR.2012-0114
  7. Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Casajus, J. A., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2015). Single-leg power output and between-limbs imbalances in team-sport players: Unilateral versus bilateral combined resistance training. Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 106-114.
  8. Gribble, P. A., Kelly, S. E., Refshauge, K. M., & Hiller, C. E. (2013). Interrater reliability of the star excursion balance test. Journal of atheletic training, 48(5), 621-626. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.03
  9. Hertel, J., Braham, R. A., Hale, S. A., & Olmsted-Kramer, L. C. (2006). Simplifying the star excursion balance test: analyses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. Journal Orthopedic Sports Physical Theraphy, 36(3), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.36.3.131
  10. Herzog, W., Nigg, B. M., Read, L. J., & Olsson, E. (1989). Asymmetries in ground reaction force patterns in normal human gait. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1, 110-114.
  11. Hubley-Kozey, C. L., Hill, N. A., Rutherford, D. J., Dunbar, M. J., & Stanish, W. D. (2009). Co-activation differences in lower limb muscles between asymptomatic controls and those with varying degrees of knee osteoarthritis during walking. Clinical Biomechanics, 24(5), 407-414.
  12. Jang, E. H., Chi, S. Y., Lee, J. Y., Cho, Y. J., Chun, B. T., (2010). Gait phases detection from EMG and FSR signals in walking. Science of emotion & sensibility, 13(1), 207-214.
  13. Kang, Y. H., & KiM, C. S., (2021). Functional movement evaluation, body balance, vital capacity effects after a 10-week body stabilization program for elementary school. Journal of the korea academia industrial cooperation society, 22(7), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2021.22.7.40
  14. Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain, 5th edition. Baltimore. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 410-421.
  15. Khallaf, M. E., Gabr, A. M., & Fayed, E. E. (2014). Effect of task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on equinovarus gait among individuals with stroke: Randomized controlled study. Neurology research international, e693048.
  16. Kim, D. W., Hwang, B. Y., & Jung, S. M. (2014). The effects of applying alignment control to unilateral stepping exercise training on improving balance and ability in post stroke hemiplegia. The journal of Korean society for neurotherapy, 18(1), 1-6.
  17. Konrad, P. (2005). The ABC of EMG: A practical introduction to kinesiological electromyography. Noraxon Inc. USA. 19-20.
  18. McCurdy, K. (2017). Technique, variation, and progression of the rear-foot-elevated split squat. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 9(6), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000319
  19. Mills, E. M. (1994). The effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise on muscle strength, flexiblity and balance among sedentary elderly persons. Nursing Research, 43(4), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199407000-00004
  20. Nunez, F. J., Santalla, A., Carrasquila, I., Asian, J. A., Reina, J. L., & Suar ez-Arrones, L. J. (2018). The effects of unilateral and bilateral eccentric overload training on hypertrophy, muscle power and COD performance, and its determinants, in team sport players. PLoS ONE, 13(3), e0193841.
  21. Park, H. T. (2021). The role of exercise science in hypokinetic society. Korean society of exercise physiology, 30(3), 273-277. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2021.30.3.273
  22. Park, S. T. (2014). Effect of unilateral and bilateral resistance training on muscle force, power and asymmetry of lower extremity in elderly women. The Korean society of living environmental system, 21(5), 672-680. https://doi.org/10.21086/ksles.2014.10.21.5.672
  23. Perry, J., & Burnfield, M. (2010). Gait analysis: Normal and pathological function. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(2), 353.
  24. Plisky, P. J., Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Kiesel, K. B., Underwood, F. B., & Elkins, B. (2009). The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 4(2), 92-99.
  25. Pori, P., Kovcan, B., Vodicar, J., Dervisevic, E., Karpljuk, D., Hadzic, V., & Simenko, J. (2021). Predictive validity of the single leg hamstring bridge test in military settings. Applied Sciences, 11(4), 1822-1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041822
  26. Robinson, R. O., Herzog, W., & Nigg, B. M. (1987). Use of force platform variables to quantify the effects df chiropractic manipulation on gait symmetry. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Terapeutics, 10.
  27. Sadeghi, H., Allard, P., Prince, F., & Labelle, H. (2000). Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review. Gait & Posture, 12(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(00)00070-9
  28. Sakamoto, A. C. L., & Teixeira-Salmela, L. F., (2009). Muscular activation patterns during active prone hip extension exercises. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19(1), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.07.004
  29. Shaikh, S. M., & Moharkar, A. C. (2020). Effect of core stability exercises versus Surya Namaskar on hamstring tightness in healthy adults using active knee extension test at the end of 6 weeks: A comparative study. International Journal of Applied Research, 6(3), 386-390.
  30. Sharma, V., & Kaur, J. (2017). Effect of core strengthening with pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on trunk, balance, gait, and function in chronic stroke. Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 13(2), 200-205. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1734892.446
  31. Sutherland, D. H. (2001). The evolution of clinical gait analysis part l: kinesiological EMG. Gait & Posture, 14(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00100-X
  32. Tsaklis, P., Malliaropoulos, N., Mendiguchia, J., Korakakis, V., Tsapralis, K., Pyne, D., & Malliaras, P. (2015). Muscle and intensity based hamstring exercise classification in elite female track and field athletes: implications for exercise selection during rehabilitation. Journal of Sports Medicine, 6, 209-217.
  33. Varela, A. R., Sallis, R., Rowlands, A. V., & Sallis J. F. (2021). Physical Inactivity and COVID-19: When Pandemics Collide. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(10), 1159-1160. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0454
  34. Yanagisawa, O., & Fukutani, A. (2020). Muscle recruitment pattern of the hamstring muscles in hip extension and knee flexion exercises. Journal of human kinetics, 72(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0124
  35. Zifchock, R. A., Davis, I., Higginson, J., & Royer, T. (2008). The symmetry angle: A novel, robust method of quantifying asymmetry. Gait and Posture, 27(4), 622-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.08.006