The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Copper-Based Compounds against Erwinia amylovora: Response Parameter Analysis and Suppression of Fire Blight in Apple

  • Duck Kyu, Ryu (Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Mahesh, Adhikari (Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Dong Hyuk, Choi (Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kyung Jin, Jun (Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd.) ;
  • Do Hyoung, Kim (Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd.) ;
  • Chae Ryeong, Kim (Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd.) ;
  • Min Kyu, Kang (Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd.) ;
  • Duck Hwan, Park (Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2022.07.24
  • Accepted : 2022.11.23
  • Published : 2023.02.01
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Abstract

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the major bacterial disease of apple and pear, causing enormous economic losses worldwide. Several control measures against E. amylovora have been reported till date, however, none of them have proved to be effective significantly against the pathogen. In this study, mechanisms of the copper-based control agents (CBCAs): copper oxychloride (COCHL), copper oxide (COX), copper hydroxide (CHY), copper sulfate basic (CSB), and tribasic copper sulfate (TCS) and their disease severity reduction efficacy against E. amylovora were analyzed. Bis-1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid trimethine oxonol, carboxyl fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride staining were used to check the damage of membrane potential, cytoplasmic pHin, and respiration of CBCAs-treated E. amylovora, respectively. High disturbance in the membrane potential of E. amylovora was found under COX and COCHL treatments. Similarly, higher significant changes in the inner cytoplasmic pHin were observed under COX, COCHL, and TCS treatment. CHY and COCHL-treated E. amylovora showed a significant reduction in respiration. In vitro bioassay results revealed that CHY, CSB, and TCS at 2,000 ppm reduced the severity of fire blight both in pre- and post-treatment of CBCAs in immature apple fruits and seedlings. Overall, the most effective CBCAs against E. amylovora could be CHY at 2,000 ppm as its showed inhibition mechanisms and disease severity reduction.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was carried out with the support of Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET) through Agri-Bio industry Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (No. 320041-05-3-SB010) and was also supported by a grant from Farmhannong.

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