Pediatric Infection and Vaccine

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (대한소아감염학회)
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CD45RA+ Depleted Lymphocyte Infusion for Treatment of Refractory Cytomegalovirus Disease in Complete DiGeorge Syndrome: A Case Report

  • HyungJin Chin (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Young Hye Ryu (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Da Yun Kang (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Hyun Jin Park (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute) ;
  • Kyung Taek Hong (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute) ;
  • Jung Yoon Choi (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute) ;
  • Ki Wook Yun (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Bongjin Lee (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Hyoung Jin Kang (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute) ;
  • Eun Hwa Choi (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital)
  • Received : 2023.07.18
  • Accepted : 2023.10.03
  • Published : 2023.12.25
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Abstract

Complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS) refers to DGS with profound T cell deficiency. Herein, we present the case of an infant with cDGS suffering from refractory cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and who was treated with CD45RA+ depleted lymphocyte infusion. The patient was diagnosed with cDGS by fluorescence in situ hybridization which verified 22q11.2 deletion and as well as by the observed profound T cell deficiency (CD3+ T cells 69/μL, CD4+ T cells 7/μL). On the 45th day of age, CMV viremia was first detected with a plasma viral load (VL) of 120,000 IU/mL. Ganciclovir treatment effectively reduced VL post 56 days of treatment; however, VL subsequently rebounded. A CMV UL97 phosphotransferase M460V mutation conferring ganciclovir resistance emerged and foscarnet was incorporated. Despite this, high titers of CMV viremia (VL 2,820,000 IU/mL) and CMV retinitis were complicated. To restore T cell immunity and treat refractory CMV infection, CD45RA+ depleted CMV-specific lymphocytes from the patient's father were infused twice on the 196th and 207th days after birth. After receiving the second infusion, a decline in CMV VL was observed, with a decrease to 87,100 IU/mL by the tenth day following infusion, despite the failure in maintaining T cell increase. The patient died of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica sepsis on the 222nd day after birth. CD45RA+ depleted lymphocyte infusion may be a therapeutic option for refractory CMV disease in cDGS patients.

완전 디죠지 증후군(complete DiGeroge syndrome)은 디죠지 증후군 중 심한 T세포면역결핍의 양상을 보이는 경우이다. 본 증례보고에서는 치료 불응성 거대세포바이러스 감염 상태에 있는 완전 디죠지 증후군 영아에게 T 세포기능 회복을 위해 CD45RA+ 선별제거 림프구 주입을 시행한 경험을 공유하고자 한다. 증례는 형광제자리부합법으로 22q11.2 결실이 확인된 만삭출생 여아로, T 세포면역결핍(T 세포 수 CD3+ 69/μL, CD4+ 7/μL)이 동반되어 완전 디죠지 증후군으로 진단되었다. 생후 45일에 거대세포바이러스 감염증(혈중 바이러스역가 120,000 IU/mL)이 처음 진단되었고, 간시클로버 치료 56일째까지는 혈중 바이러스역가가 감소하였으나 이후 다시 증가하였다. 간시클로버 저항성을 부여하는 것으로 알려진 거대세포바이러스 UL97 단백 인산화효소의 M460V 변이가 확인되어 포스카넷과의 병합요법으로 치료하였으나, 혈중 바이러스역가 2,820,000 IU/mL 로 상승하며, 거대세포바이러스 망막염이 동반되었다. T 세포기능 회복과 불응성 거대세포바이러스 감염의 치료를 위해, 생후 196일과 207일에 환아의 아버지에게서 채집한 CD45RA+ 선별제거 거대세포바이러스 특이 림프구를 2회 주입한 결과, T세포 증가를 이루지 못하였으나, 거대세포바이러스 역가의 감소는 관찰되었다(2차 주입 후 10일째 바이러스역가, 87,000 IU/mL). 환아는 폐포자충 폐렴과 Elizabethkingia meningoseptica 패혈증으로 생후 222일에 사망하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank Miltenyi Biotec who kindly provided the CD45RA depletion kit.

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