Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
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Long-term drought modifies carbon allocation and abscisic acid levels in five forest tree species

  • Umashankar Chandrasekaran (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kunhyo Kim (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University) ;
  • Siyeon Byeon (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University) ;
  • Woojin Huh (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ah Reum Han (Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Young-Sang Lee (Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Hyun Seok Kim (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2023.10.20
  • Accepted : 2023.11.15
  • Published : 2023.12.31
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Abstract

Background: This study analyzed the drought responses of five forest tree species grown in Korean peninsula, Korean fir Abies koreana (Ak), eastern white pine Pinus strobus (Ps), keyaki Zelkova serrata (Zs), tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera (Lt), and Japanese elm Ulmus japonica (Uj). Physiological (chlorophyll, root collar diameter [RCD]) and biochemical responses (non-structural carbohydrates, proline, lipid peroxidase and abscisic acid [ABA]) of the plants grown under mild (MD) and severe drought (SD) were compared. Results: In this study, three soil moisture regimes: control (100% precipitation), MD (60% reduction in precipitation) and SD (20% reduction in precipitation) were applied. Soil moisture content showed high water content in control site compared to MD and SD. A decline in RCD was found for Korean fir, keyaki, and tulip plants, with eastern white pine and Japanese elm showing no significant decline to the prolonged drought exposure (both MD and SD). Total chlorophyll showed a significant decline in Korean fir and tulip, with the sugar levels indicating a significant increase in Korean fir and keyaki species under SD compared to control plants. Non-significant decline in sugar level was noted for eastern white pine and Japanese elm. High accumulation of ABA, malondealdehyde and proline was noted in Korean fir, tulip, and keyaki under SD compared to control. Signs of tree mortality was only observed in Korean fir under MD (38%) and SD (43%). Conclusions: The observed findings indicate the drought responses of five tree species. The majority of the morpho-physiological (especially mortality) and biochemical variables assessed in our study indicate superior long-term drought resistance of Ps and Uj compared to the highly sensitive Ak, and moderately sensitive Lt and Zs. The results provided will help species selection for afforestation programs and establishment of sustainable forests, especially of drought-tolerant species, under increased frequency and intensity of spring and summer droughts.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was jointly supported by a grant from National Institute of Ecology (NIE), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE), Republic of Korea (NIE-B-2021;2022-02) and basic science research program through National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R111A2044159), Republic of Korea.

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