Journal of Science Education (과학교육연구지)

Science Education Research Institute Kyungpook National University (경북대학교 과학교육연구소)
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Consideration of the Correlation between Declining Academic Ability and COVID-19 - through Analysis of National Level Academic Achievement

국가수준 학업성취도 분석을 통한 학력 저하와 코로나19와의 상관관계에 대한 고찰

  • Received : 2023.12.13
  • Accepted : 2023.12.29
  • Published : 2023.12.31
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Abstract

In this study, we examine other factors that may contribute to the decline in students' academic performance and educational attainment. Many media reports, as well as previous studies, have suggested that virtual learning is the main reason for the decline in students' academic performance. However, the 2020 National Student Achievement Survey, which was conducted in conjunction with the COVID-19 Distance Learning Environment Student Survey, showed that students were highly satisfied with distance learning (70-80%), and the analysis of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement showed that students' academic performance had already been declining year by year since 2017, with a general downward curve. For further confirmation, we analyzed the performance of high school students on mock exams and found that their performance was not normally distributed, but rather a right-skewed U-shaped distribution with a shrinking number of medians and severe polarization. We found that this phenomenon is not simply because of the mode or quality of the virtual classroom, but to a variety of factors, including environmental influences such as care and management at home, changes in investment in private education, increased time spent on online devices while taking virtual classes at the bottom, and increased time spent watching online content, games, and videos that are not related to learning.

본 연구에서는, 학생들의 학업 성취도를 낮추고 학력 저하를 불러온 원인이 비대면 수업만이 아니라 다른 요인들을 조사하였다. 많은 언론 보도뿐만 아니라 선행연구에서 비대면 수업이 학생들의 학력저하에 주된 원인이라 하고 있다. 그러나 2020년 국가수준 학업성취도 조사에서 함께 진행된 '코로나19 원격수업 환경 학생 설문조사'의 조사를 통해 학생들은 원격수업에 대한 만족도가 70~80% 대로 높은 편임을 알 수 있었고, 국가수준 학업성취도 평가 분석을 통해 2017년부터 학생들의 학업성취도는 대체로 우하향 곡선을 그리면서 해마다 학력 저하가 이미 나타나고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 좀 더 정확한 확인을 위해 고등학생들의 모의고사 성적을 분석해본 결과 학생들의 성적은 정규분포 곡선을 그리는 것이 아니라 중위권의 수가 줄어들고 심각한 양극화 현상이 나타나고 있는 오른쪽이 높은 U자형 분포가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 현상의 원인이 단순히 비대면 수업의 방식이나 질적인 부족함 때문이 아니라, 가정에서의 돌봄과 관리 등 환경적인 영향과 사교육에 대한 투자의 변화, 하위권으로 갈수록 비대면 온라인 수업을 하면서 온라인 기기 사용 시간이 증가하게 되었고, 학습과 무관한 온라인 콘텐츠와 게임, 동영상 시청 시간의 증가 등 다양한 요인이 있음을 찾았다.

Keywords

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