Acknowledgement
이 논문은 국가공무원 인재개발원의 연구비를 지원받아 수행된 "디지털기반의 비대면 교수학습설계 및 FT역량강화 방안 연구"를 기반으로 작성되었음.
References
- Ministry of Education, Establishment of operating standards for systematic distance learning, press release, March, 2020.
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), Policy brief: Education during COVID-19 and beyond, UNESCO, 2020.
- H. S. Chol, "Public education, which started non-face-to-face, must move on to smart education that looks to the future," KISA Report, vol. 7, pp. 27-30, 2020.
- L. L. Chen, "A model for effective online instructional design," Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2303-2308, 2016. https://doi.org/10.20533/licej.2040.2589.2016.0304
- T. D. Hobson and K. K. Puruhito, "Going the distance: Online course performance and motivation of distance-learning students," Online Learning, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 129-140, 2018. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i4.1516
- S. Lee and E. Choi, "A study on the development of teaching competency modeling and validation of self-diagnostic tools: Based on M college," Korean Journal of Human Resource Development, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 143-168, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24991/KJHRD.2021.06.24.2.143
- C. Lee and K. T. Sohn, "The relationship between learning flow, subjective learning performance, self-efficacy to transfer, and transfer intention perceived by participants of synchronous e-learning program," The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, vol. 22, no. 13, pp. 133-145, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.13.133
- J. H. Leem, M. H. Kim, and S. Y. Lee, "Development of an online instructional design model for higher education in the era with COVID-19," Journal of Korean Association for Educational Information and Media, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 281-311, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15833/KAFEIAM.27.1.281
- J. Kim, K. Sohn, E. Lee, J. Jeong, H. Jang, and W. Lee, "The effects of interaction between instructor-student and student-student on learning achievement in synchronous e-learning for major classes for university students: The mediating role of learning flow," Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 25-48, 2020.
- Y. B. Oh, "Exploring teacher's distance instruction competencies through non face-to-face distance instruction case analysis: Based on synchronous distance instruction," Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 36, pp. 715-744, 2020. https://doi.org/10.17232/KSET.36.3.715
- S. Y. Hong and Y. J. Ryu, "Factors affecting college students' learning outcomes in non face-to-face environment during Covid-19 pandemic," Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 957-989, 2020. https://doi.org/10.17232/KSET.36.3.957
- S. Y. Song and H. K. Kim, "Exploring factors influencing college students' satisfaction and persistent intention to take non-face-to-face courses during the COVID-19 pandemic," Asian Journal of Education, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1099-1126, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2020.12.21.4.1099
- K. Van Nieuwenhuyse, "Synchronous interactive live lectures versus asynchronous individual online modules: A comparative analysis of students' perceptions and performances," Yesterday and Today, no. 24, pp. 55-70, 2020.
- S. Y. Kim and S. H. Bae, "The structural relationship among positive psychological capital, leader-member exchange, organizational commitment, and occupational commitment of public officials in educational administrative positions," The Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 127-156, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22553/keas.2022.40.5.127
- D. H. An and B. K. An, "The mediating role of job competencies on the links between psychological capital and job performance of public officers," Journal of Vocational Education, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 957-989, 2015.
- Y. J. Choi and E. S. Choi, "A study on the relations between bosses' compassionate rationalistic leadership and government officials' servant leadership and organizational immersion," Journal of Education & Culture, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 661-679, 2019. https://doi.org/10.24159/joec.2019.25.1.661
- E. H. Kim, S. T. Lim, and H. S. Byeon, "Analysis of learner characteristics by group on the effect recognition of live online learning -Focusing on public servants at educational training institution," The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 81-92, 2021. https://doi.org/10.32431/KACE.2021.24.6.007
- Y. M. Kim and K. H. Pak, "Relationships among instructor's role, learning motivation induction and learning continuity intention in e-learning," The e-business Studies, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 59-74, 2020. https://doi.org/10.20462/TeBS.2020.10.21.5.59
- J. H. Lim, M. H. Kim and S. H. Lee, "Development of an online instructional design model for higher education in the era with COVID-19," Journal of Korean Association for Educational Information and Media, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 281-311, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15833/KAFEIAM.27.1.281
- I. R. Lim, J. Y. Kim, J. Y. Hwang, and D. S. Park, "Exploring teaching strategies for the effective non-face-to-face lecture in college: Focusing on learner experience analysis," Journal of Educational Innovation Research, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 23-64, 2020. https://doi.org/10.21024/PNUEDI.30.4.202012.23
- S. M. Lee and K. L. Kim, "A study on factors affecting the satisfaction of non-face-to-face class in a university: Focusing on the mediating effect of class participation," The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 341-361, 2021.
- D. I. Kim, J. E. Lim, Y. Y. Woo, D. S. Han, J. W. Lee, and J. M. Yun, "Components of online class influencing the effectiveness of online undergraduate theory classes," CNU Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 35-60, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18612/CNUJES.2021.42.2.35
- H. R. Kim, "New directions of english education course management for pre-service primary teachers in the post corona era," Sungshin Women's University Educational Research Institute, vol. 81, no. 7, pp. 119-139, 2021.
- J. H. Lee, C. I. Lim, and H. S. Kim, "Development of an instructional design model for flipped learning in higher education," Educational Technology Research and Development, vol. 65, pp. 427-453, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9502-1
- C. I. Lim, H. K. Kim, S, W, Kim and H. E, Lee, "Development of the design principles for promoting interactions in collaborative videoconferencing," Journal of Korean Association for Educational Information and Media, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 365-394, 2013.
- S. A. Shin, O. B. Kim, J. I. Park, E. J. Kim and T. W. Jung, "Exploring the direction of university lectures in the postcorona era: Focused on analysis of mid-semester lecture evaluation data mining and semantic-network analysis," Journal of Education & Culture, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 195-228, 2020.
- C. S. Park, "The effects of non-face-to-face flipped learning based problem solving process, self-directed learning ability, academic self-efficacy of nursing students," The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 33-43, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.6.33
- D. K. Seo and H. W. Kim, "A study on the effectiveness of metaverse-type untact enterprise education and training on organizational immersion of new employees," Korean Decision Sciences Institute, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 119-139, 2021.
- B. R. Lee and L. N. Chung, "The effect of non-face-to-face education service quality on learning immersion and learning outcomes: Focused on students majoring in culinary arts," Journal of Foodservice Management, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 125-150, 2021. https://doi.org/10.47584/jfm.2021.24.4.125
- J. G. Lee, H. S. Moon, Y. J. Ok and S. H. Yoon, "Consensual qualitative research on non-face-to-face real-time educational operation experience: Focusing on the HRD practitioner," Korean Journal of Human Resources Development, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 221-247, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24991/KJHRD.2021.09.24.3.221
- J. S. Kim, "A study on the perceptions of instructors and learners about real-time online classes in universities," Culture and Convergence, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 995-1021, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2021.07.43.7.995
- D. Vlachopoulos and A. Makri, "Quality teaching in online higher education: The perspectives of 250 online tutors on technology and pedagogy," International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 40-56, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i06.20173
- M. Adler and E. Ziglio, Gazing into the oracle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health, London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1996.
- C. H. Lawshe, "A quantitative approach to content validity," Personnel Psychology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 563-575, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
- National Human resources development Institute (NHI), "Vision and HRD strategies" Sep. 26, 2023 [Online]. Available: https://www.nhi.go.kr/Introduce/info2/index.htm