Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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Introduction to the Benthic Health Index Used in Fisheries Environment Assessment

어장환경평가에 사용하는 저서생태계 건강도지수(Benthic Health Index)에 대한 소개

  • Rae Hong Jung (South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Sang-Pil Yoon (Marine Environmental Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Sohyun Park (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Sok-Jin Hong (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Youn Jung Kim (Korea Benthos Research Center, Co., LTD) ;
  • Sunyoung Kim (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
  • 정래홍 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 기후환경자원과) ;
  • 윤상필 (국립수산과학원 해역이용영향평가센터) ;
  • 박소현 (국립수산과학원 해양환경연구과) ;
  • 홍석진 (국립수산과학원 해양환경연구과) ;
  • 김연정 ((주)저서생물연구센터) ;
  • 김선영 (국립수산과학원 해양환경연구과)
  • Received : 2023.11.09
  • Accepted : 2023.12.29
  • Published : 2023.12.31
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Abstract

Intensive and long-term aquaculture activities in Korea have generated considerable amounts of organic matter, deteriorating the sedimentary environment and ecosystem. The Korean government enacted the Fishery Management Act to preserve and manage the environment of fish farms. Based on this, a fisheries environment assessment has been conducted on fish cage farms since 2014, necessitating the development of a scientific and objective evaluation method suitable for the domestic environment. Therefore, a benthic health index (BHI) was developed using the relationship between benthic polychaete communities and organic matter, a major source of pollution in fish farms. In this study, the development process and calculation method of the BHI have been introduced. The BHI was calculated by classifying 225 species of polychaetes appearing in domestic coastal and aquaculture areas into four groups by linking the concentration gradient of the total organic carbon in the sediment and the distributional characteristics of each species and assigning differential weights to each group. Using BHI, the benthic fauna communities were assigned to one of the four ecological classes (Grade 1: Normal, Grade 2: Slightly polluted, Grade 3: Moderately polluted, and Grade 4: Heavily polluted). The application of the developed index in the field enabled effective evaluation of the Korean environment, being relatively more accurate and less affected by the season compared with the existing evaluation methods like the diversity index or AZTI's Marine Biotic Index developed overseas. In addition, using BHI will be useful in the environmental management of fish farms, as the environment can be graded in quantified figures.

집약적이고 장기적인 양식어업 활동은 많은 양의 유기물을 발생시켜 퇴적환경과 생태계를 악화시켜왔다. 정부에서는 양식어장의 환경 보전과 관리를 위해서 어장관리법을 제정하였고 이를 근거로 2014년부터 어류 가두리 양식장에 대한 어장환경평가가 실시되었다. 따라서 어장환경평가를 위해 국내 환경에 적합한 과학적이고 객관적인 평가방법의 개발이 필요하였다. 이를 위해 저서다모류 군집과 양식장의 주 오염원인 유기물의 관계를 이용한 저서생태계 건강도지수(BHI)를 개발하였고, 본 연구에서는 저서생태계 건강도지수의 개발과정과 계산방법을 소개하고자 한다. 저서생태계 건강도지수는 국내 연안역과 양식장에서 출현한 225종의 다모류를 대상으로 퇴적물 내 총유기탄소량의 농도 구배와 종별 분포특성을 연관지어 4개의 그룹을 나누고, 각 그룹에 가중치를 부여하는 방식으로 계산된다. 저서생태계 건강도지수를 이용하여 저서동물군집을 4개의 생태등급(Grade 1: Nomal, Grade 2: Slightly polluted, Grade 3: Moderately polluted, Grade 4: Heavily polluted)으로 나누었다. 개발된 지수를 현장에 적용한 결과, 기존의 평가방법인 다양도 지수나 국외에서 개발된 AMBI와 비교해 보다 정확하고 계절의 영향을 적게 받아 우리나라 환경을 평가하기에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 저서생태계 건강도지수를 사용하면 어장환경을 정량화된 수치에 따라 등급화 할 수 있어 양식장 환경관리에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문의 완성도를 높이기 위해 세심하게 검토해 주신 익명의 심사위원분들께 감사드립니다. 이 논문은 2023년도 국립수산과학원 친환경양식어업육성사업(P2023010)의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구입니다.

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