자원환경지질 (Economic and Environmental Geology)

  • 제56권6호
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  • Pages.661-674
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  • 2023
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  • 1225-7281(pISSN)
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  • 2288-7962(eISSN)
대한자원환경지질학회 (The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology)
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조선 초기 조운선(마도4호선)에서 출수된 숫돌의 비파괴 재질 분석 연구

Non-Destructive Material Analysis of Whetstones Discovered in Grain Transport Ship of the Early Joseon Period

  • 공달용 (국립해양문화재연구소 서해문화재과) ;
  • 김재환 (국립문화재연구원 자연문화재구실) ;
  • 박은영 (국립해양문화재연구소 서해문화재과) ;
  • 조용철 (국립해양문화재연구소 서해문화재과) ;
  • 양기홍 (국립해양문화재연구소 서해문화재과)
  • Dal-Yong Kong (National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jae Hwan Kim (Natural Heritage Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Eun Young Park (National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Yong Cheol Cho (National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Ki Hong Yang (National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage)
  • 투고 : 2023.11.09
  • 심사 : 2023.12.04
  • 발행 : 2023.12.29
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초록

충남 태안 해역에서는 2014년 국내 수중발굴 역사상 처음으로 조선시대 선박이 발견되어 마도4호선으로 명명되었다. 마도4호선은 발굴된 유물을 통해 1417~1425년(태종~세종) 사이 나주에서 공물을 싣고 한양으로 가다 침몰한 조운선임이 밝혀졌다. 마도4호선의 선체에서는 공물로 적재된 총 27점의 미사용 숫돌이 발견되었다. 27점 숫돌은 모두 폭이 좁고 긴 막대기 형태이며. 길이, 폭, 두께 및 무게의 평균값은 각각 161.5mm, 36.1mm, 22.7mm 및 253.2g 이다. X-선 회절 분석 결과, 구성광물은 석영, 알칼리장석, 사장석으로 고해상도 디지털 실체현미경 분석 결과와 유사하다. 마도-2672와 2673의 평균 공극률은 각각 2.69%와 1.78%, 평균 표면 경도는 각각 807.2HLD와 834.5HLD로 공극률이 일정 이상 증가하면 표면 경도 감소에 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 이들은 모두 장석질 사암(Arkose)이며 SiO2의 함량은 평균 74.51%로 숫돌로서 적합함이 확인되었다. 27점의 숫돌은 SiO2의 함량을 기준으로 구분할 때, 중간 숫돌에 해당한다. 이들 숫돌은 크기와 무게가 작고 휴대하기 편리한 특징을 갖고 있어 비고정식 숫돌의 한 종류로 추정되며, 조선시대 무기 연마와 공예품 제작 등 특수분야에 주로 사용된 것으로 판단된다.

From the seafloor of Taean, Chungcheongnamdo Province, a ship of the Joseon Dynasty was discovered for the first time in the history of underwater excavations in Korea in 2014 and was named Mado Shipwreck No. 4. A total of 27 unused whetstones loaded as tribute were discovered on the hull of Mado No. 4, which revealed that Mado Shipwreck No. 4 was a Grain transport ship that sank while carrying tribute from Naju to Hanyang between 1417 and 1425 (King Taejong to King Sejong). All of the 27 whetstones are in the shape of narrow and long sticks. The average values of length, width, thickness, and weight are 161.5 mm, 36.1 mm, 22.7 mm, and 253.2 g, respectively. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the constituent minerals are quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase, which is similar to that of the high-resolution digital stereomicroscope analysis. The average porosity of Mado-2672 and 2673 is 2.69% and 1.78%, respectively, and the average surface hardness is 807.2HLD and 834.5HLD, respectively. It is interpreted that if the porosity increases beyond a certain level, it affects the decrease in surface hardness. All of these are made of feldspathic sandstones with an average SiO2 content of 74.51% and were confirmed to be suitable as grindstones. They are all medium whetstones when classified based on the SiO2 content. These whetstones are small in size and weight and are convenient to carry, so they are presumed to be a type of non-stationary whetstone, and are estimated to have been mainly used in the fields such as weapon polishing and craft production during the Joseon Dynasty.

키워드

과제정보

이 연구를 위해 많은 도움을 준 영암문화원 김인창 사무국장님과 국립해양문화재연구소 서해문화재과의 김택준 연구사, 최지선·박상준 연구원께 감사드리며, 논문의 심사과정에서 세심한 검토와 지적으로 논문의 질을 높여 주신 심사위원님들께 감사드린다. 이 연구는 국립해양문화재연구소 「서해 중부 해역 해양문화유산 전시 및 활용 사업」의 일환으로 수행되었다.

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