Acknowledgement
본 연구는 관-군 협력 인공강우 항공실험을 통해 이루어졌으며 이를위해 협조해 주신 국방부 장비관리과, 공군본부 작전과, 공군본부 항공무기관리과, 공군 작전 사령부, 공군 군수사령부, 공군 제15특수임무비행단 및 주식회사 바테크에 감사드립니다. 이 연구는 기상청 국립기상과학원 기상조절 및 구름물리 연구 (KMA2018-00224) 의 지원을 받았습니다.
References
- Bruintjes, R. T., Vidal, S., Trudi, S., Peter, B., Daniel, B., Jim, G., 2012, Evaluation of hygroscopic cloud seeding flares, J. Weather Modif, 44(1), 69-94.
- Cha, J. W., Jung, W. S., Chae, S. H., Ko, A. R., Ro, Y. H., Chang, K. H., Seo, S. S., Ha, J. C., Park, D. H., Hwang, H. J., Kim, M. H., Kim, K. E., Ku, J. M., 2019, Analysis of results and technics about precipitation enhancement by aircraft seeding in Korea, Atmosphere, Korea, 29, 481-499.
- Cha, J. W., Koo, H. J., Kim, B. Y., Belorid, M., Hwang, H. J., Kim, M. H., Chang, K. H., Lee, Y. H., 2023, Analysis of rain drop size distribution to elucidate the precipitation process using a cloud microphysics conceptual model and inSitu measurement, Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 59, 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-022-00299-w
- Chae, S. H., Chang, K. H., Seo, S. K., Jeong, J. Y., Kim, B. J., Kim, C. K., Yum, S. S., Kim, J. W., 2018, Numerical simulations of airborne glaciogenic cloud seeding using the WRF model with the modified morrison scheme over the Pyeongchang region in the winter of 2016, Adv. Meteorol., 2018, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8453460
- Delene, D., Grainger, C., Kucera, P., Langerud, D., Ham, M., Mitchell, R., Kruse, C., 2011, The second polarimetric cloud analysis and seeding test, J. Weather Modif. 43(1), 14-28.
- DeMott, P. J., Super, A. B., Langer, G., Rogers, D. C., McPartland, J. T., 1995, Comparative characterizations of the ice nucleus ability of AgI aerosols by three methods, J. Weather Modif, 27, 1-16.
- French, J. R., Friedrich, K., Tessendorf, S. A., Rauber, R. M., Geerts, B., Rasmussen, R. M., Xue, L., Kunkel, M. L., Blestrud, D. R., 2017, Precipitation formation from orographic cloud seeding, PNAS, 115(6), 1168-1173. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716995115
- Jung, W. S., Chang, K. H., Cha, J. W., Ku, J. M., Lee, C. K., 2022, Estimation of available days for a cloud seeding experiment in Korea. J. Environ. Sci. Int., 31(2), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2022.31.2.117
- Kang, C. Y., Song, S. K., Moon, S. M., Lim, Y. K., Chang, K. H., Chae, S. H., 2023, Effect of cloud seeding using hygroscopic aerosol particles on artificial rainfall enhancement and its sensitivity analysis in spring 2021, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 39(3), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2023.39.3.335
- Kim, B. Y., Cha, J. W., Jung, W. S, Ko, A. R., 2020a, Precipitation enhancement experiments in catchment areas of dams: Evaluation of water resource augmentation and economic benefits, Remote. Sens., 12, 3730.
- Kim, B. Y., Cha, J. W., Ko, A. R., Jung, W. S, Ha, J. C., 2020b, Analysis of the occurrence frequency of seedable clouds on the Korean peninsula for precipitation enhancement experiments, Remote. Sens., 12, 1487.
- Kim, B. Y., Lim, Y. K., Cha, J. W., 2022, Short-term prediction of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Seoul, South Korea using tree-based machine learning algorithms, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 13(10), 101547.
- Korneev, V. P., Potapov, E. I., and Shchukin, G. G., 2017, Environmental aspects of cloud seeding. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 42(7), 477-483. https://doi.org/10.3103/S106837391707007X
- Ku, J. M., Chang, K. H., Chae, S. H., Ko, A. R., Ro, Y. H., Jung, W. S., Lee, C. K., 2023, Preliminary results of c loud seeding experiments for air pollution reduction i n 2020. Asia-Pacific Journal Atmospheric Sciences, 59, 347-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-023-00315-7
- Lim, Y. K., Kim, B. Y., Chang, K. H., Cha, J. W., Lee, Y. H., 2022, Analysis of PM10 reduction effects with artificial rain enhancement using numerical models. Atmosphere Korean Meteorological Society, 32(4), 341-351.
- Liou, Y. C., Chang, S. F., Sun, J., 2012, An Application of the immersed boundary method for recovering the three-dimensional wind fields over complex terrain using multiple-Doppler radar data, Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 1603-1619. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00151.1
- Mohler, O., Stetzer, O., Schaefers, S., Linke, C., Schnaiter, M., Tiede, R., Saathoff, H., Kramer, M., Mangold, A., Budz, P., Zink, P., Schreiner, J., Mauersberger, K., Haag, W., Karcher, B., Schurath, U., 2003, Experimental investigation of homogeneous freezing of sulphuric acid particles in the aerosol chamber AIDA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 211-223. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-211-2003
- Morrison, H., Curry, J. A., Khvorostyanov, V. I., 2005, A New double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models. Part I: Description, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1665-1677. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3446.1
- NIMS, 2019, KMA/NIMS Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) cloud physics observation and weather modification meteorological observation equipment user manual; No. 11-1360620-000149-01; National Institute of Meteorological Sciences: Seogwipo, Korea, 2019, 1-131.
- NIMS, 2022, Research on weather modification and cloud physics. No. 11-1360620-000322-10; National Institute of Meteorological Sciences: Seogwipo, Korea, 2022, 1-87.
- NIMS, 2023, Operational performance report of KMA/NIMS Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) in 2022; No. 11-1360620-000148-10; National Institute of Meteorological Sciences: Seogwipo, Korea, 2023, 1-49.
- Ro, Y. H., Cha, J. W., Chae, S. H., 2020, Verification of precipitation enhancement by weather modification experiments using radar data. J. Korea Water Resour. Assoc., 53(11), 999-1013.
- Ro, Y. H., Chang, K. H., Chae, S., Lim, Y. K., Ku, J. M., Jung, W. S., 2023, Estimation of the total amount of enhanced rainfall for a cloud seeding experiment: case studies of preventing forest fire drought, and dust, Advances in Meteorology, 2023, Article ID 5478666, 18.
- Tajiri T., Yamashita, K., Murakami, M., Saito, A., Kusunnoki, K., Orikasa, N., Lilie, L., 2013, A Novel Adiabatic-expansion-Type Cloud Simulation Chamber, J. of Meteo. Soci. of Japan, 91(5), 687-704. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-509
- Tessendorf, S. A., French, J. R., Friedrich, K., Geerts, B., Rauber, R. M., Rasmussen, R. M., Xue, L., Ikeda, K., Blestrud, D. R., Kunkel, M. L., Parkinson, S., Snider, J. R., Aikins, J., Faber, S., Majewski, A., Grasmick, C., Bergmaier, P. T., Janiszeski, A., Springer, A., Weeks, C., Serke, D. J., Bruintjes, R., 2019, A Transformational approach to winter orographic weather modification research: The SNOWIE Project, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0152.1
- Tuftedal, M. E., Delene, D. J., Detwiler, A., 2022, Precipitation evaluation of the North Dakota Cloud Modification Project (NDCMP) using rain gauge observations, Atmospheric Research, 269, 105996.
- Zipori, A., Rosenfeld, D., Shpund, J., Steinberg, D., Erel, Y., 2012, Targeting and impacts of AgI cloud seeding based on rain chemical composition and cloud top phase characterization, Atmospheric Res. 114, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.023