Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Okadaic Acid Group Toxins: Toxicity, Exposure Routes, and Global Safety Management

오카다익산 군 독소: 독성, 분석법 및 관리 동향

  • Kyoungah Lee (Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, NeoEnBizCo.) ;
  • Namhyun Kim (Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, NeoEnBizCo.) ;
  • Jang Kyun Kim (Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University) ;
  • Youn-Jung Kim (Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University) ;
  • Jung Suk Lee (Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, NeoEnBizCo.) ;
  • Young-Seok Han (Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, NeoEnBizCo.)
  • 이경아 ((주)네오엔비즈 환경바이오연구센터) ;
  • 김남현 ((주)네오엔비즈 환경바이오연구센터) ;
  • 김장균 (인천대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 김연정 (인천대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 이정석 ((주)네오엔비즈 환경바이오연구센터) ;
  • 한영석 ((주)네오엔비즈 환경바이오연구센터)
  • Received : 2023.09.22
  • Accepted : 2023.11.13
  • Published : 2023.12.30
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Abstract

Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins, including OA and its analogs, such as dinophysis toxins (DTXs), have been reported to cause diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP). These toxins are primarily produced by dinoflagellates and are accumulated in bivalves. Recently, the presence of Dinophysis sp., a causative alga of DSP, has been reported along the coasts of Korea, posing a potential risk of contamination to domestic seafood and exerting an impact on both the production and consumption of marine products. Accordingly, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established standards for the permissible levels of OA group toxins in marine products for safety management. Additionally, in line with international initiatives, the domestic inclusion and regulation of DTX2 among the substances falling under the purview of management outlined by the 2022 diarrheal shellfish toxin standard have been implemented. In this study, we reviewed the physicochemical properties of OA group toxins, their various exposure routes (such as acute toxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity), and the relative toxicity factors associated with these toxins. We also performed a comparative assessment of the methods employed for toxin analysis across different countries. Furthermore, we aimed to conduct a broad review of human exposure cases and assess the international guideline for risk management of OA group toxins.

Okadaic acid (OA) 군 독소는 설사성 패류중독(diarrhetic shellfish poison, DSP)을 유발하는 해양생물독소이다. 설사성패독은 오카다익산(OA)과 그 유사체인 디노피시스톡신(DTX)으로 구성되어 있으며, 주로 와편모조류에서 생성되어 이매패류의 체내에 축적되어 독화된다. 이에 EFSA, WHO에서는 안전관리를 위하여 수산물 내 OA군 독소 함량 기준을 설정하였다. 최근 우리나라 연안에서도 원인조류인 Dinophysis sp.의 출현이 보고된 바 있으며, 국내 수산물 생산과 소비에도 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 국제적인 움직임에 발맞추어 국내에서도 2022년 설사성 패독 기준 관리 대상 물질에 DTX2를 추가하여 관리하고 있다. 본 연구는 OA군 독소의 이화학적 특성, 분석법, 인체 노출 사례와 국내외 관리 현황 등의 자료를 검토하여 OA군 독소의 체계적인 모니터링과 안전관리의 기반을 마련하고자 수행되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2023년도 식품의약품안전처의 연구개발비(20163MFDS641)로 수행되었으며 이에 감사드립니다.

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