International journal of advanced smart convergence

  • 제12권4호
  • /
  • Pages.378-385
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 2288-2847(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-2855(eISSN)
한국인터넷방송통신학회 (The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on a Method for Detecting Leak Holes in Respirators Using IoT Sensors

  • Woochang Shin (Dept. of Computer Science, Seokyeong University)
  • 투고 : 2023.11.04
  • 심사 : 2023.11.15
  • 발행 : 2023.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The importance of wearing respiratory protective equipment has been highlighted even more during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even if the suitability of respiratory protection has been confirmed through testing in a laboratory environment, there remains the potential for leakage points in the respirators due to improper application by the wearer, damage to the equipment, or sudden movements in real working conditions. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the occurrence of leak holes by measuring the pressure changes inside the mask according to the wearer's breathing activity by attaching an IoT sensor to a full-face respirator. We designed 9 experimental scenarios by adjusting the degree of leak holes of the respirator and the breathing cycle time, and acquired respiratory data for the wearer of the respirator accordingly. Additionally, we analyzed the respiratory data to identify the duration and pressure change range for each breath, utilizing this data to train a neural network model for detecting leak holes in the respirator. The experimental results applying the developed neural network model showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 94.29%, and accuracy of 97.53%. We conclude that the effective detection of leak holes can be achieved by incorporating affordable, small-sized IoT sensors into respiratory protective equipment.

키워드

과제정보

This Research was supported by Seokyeong University in 2022.

참고문헌

  1. H. Ueki, Y. Furusawa, K. I. Horimoto, M. Imai, H. Kabata, H. Nishimura, and Y. Kawaoka, "Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2," mSphere, Vol. 5, Issue 5, e00637-20, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00637-20
  2. T. M. Cook, "Personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic - a narrative review," Anaesthesia, Association of Anaesthetists, Vol.75, Issue 7, pp.920-927, July 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15071
  3. R. E. Shaffer and S. Rengasamy, "Respiratory protection against airborne nanoparticles: a review," Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Vol. 11, pp. 1661-1672, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9649-3
  4. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Personal Protective Equipment. https://chemm.nlm.nih.gov/ppe.htm
  5. J. Y. Jeong, Performance Evaluation of Face Masks : Inhalation Resistance, Fit Factor, Total Inward Leakage and Respiratory Burden, Master's Thesis. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 2018.
  6. Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHAct), Respiratory protection, 2011.
  7. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Guide to industrial respiratory protection, 1987.
  8. Y. Liu, J. Corey, M. V. Yermakov, B. Wu, and S. A. Grinshpun, "Preliminary Development of a Real-Time Respirator Seal Integrity Monitor With Low-Cost Particle Sensor," in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 3928-3933, July-Aug. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2018.2816907.
  9. K. Butler, M. Nyden, and R. Bryant, Real-Time Monitoring of Total Inward Leakage of Respiratory Equipment Used by Emergency responders: Workshop Proceedings, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Sep. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1113-BFRL
  10. E. L. Floyd, J. B. Henry, and D. L. Johnson, "Influence of facial hair length, coarseness, and areal density on seal leakage of a tight-fitting half-face respirator," Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 334-340, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2017.1416388
  11. K. Arnoldsson, S. Danielsson, and M. Thunell, "A method for evaluating aerosol leakage through the interface between protective suits and full-face respirators," Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 13, Issue 5, pp. 315-324, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2015.1117616
  12. W. C. Shin, "A Study on the Measurement of Respiratory Rate Using a Respirator Equipped with an Air Pressure Sensor," The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence, IIBC, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 240-246. https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2022.11.4.240
  13. Bosch Sensortec, BME680 - Datasheet. https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/products/environmental-sensors/gas-sensors-bme680
  14. Espressif Systems, ESP32 Overview. https://www.espressif.com/en/products/socs/esp32