Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Effects of Independent Business Owners' Emotional Labor on Emotional Exhaustion and Depression: Moderating Role of Regulatory Focus

독립사업자의 감정노동전략이 감정소진과 우울감에 미치는 영향: 조절초점의 조절효과

  • 이훈 (삼성화재) ;
  • 전주언 (안양대학교 글로벌경영학과)
  • Received : 2020.08.19
  • Accepted : 2020.10.21
  • Published : 2022.10.31
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Abstract

Previous researches related to emotional labor have been cross-sectional studies focusing on static differences in emotional exhaustion. Previous studies on these relationships have not highlighted the dynamic properties of these relationships. This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional labor strategy on perceived emotional exhaustion and depression. This study was conducted by paying attention to the fact that service industry workers who have to respond kindly to customers often have to show emotions which is necessary for their business to the outside world rather than showing their true emotions. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it was confirmed that surface acting had a positive influence on emotional exhaustion, but deep acting had a negative influence to emotional exhaustion. Second, it was found that surface acting had a positive influence on depression, but deep acting had a negative influence on depression. Third, it was confirmed that the effect of deep acting on emotional exhaustion decreased when emotional labor was performed through deep acting on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays, while emotional exhaustion was not significant on Thursdays and Fridays. Fourth, it was confirmed that the difference in the effect of emotional labor strategy on depression was greater in the case of performing emotional labor through surface acting than in the case of performing emotional labor through deep acting.

고객서비스에 대한 기대수준이 높아지면서 국내 벤처기업들의 감정노동에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 감정노동과 관련된 기존 연구들을 살펴보면 감정노동전략이 감정소진과 우울감에 미치는 영향력에 대해 상반된 주장이 발견된다. 이는 기존 연구들이 연구설계 측면에서 한계가 있었고, 감정노동자의 심리적 유연성을 고려하지 못 했기 때문인 것으로 보았다. 본 연구는 기존 연구들의 한계점을 고려해 근로자들이 채택한 감정노동전략(표면행위와 내면행위)이 감정소진과 우울감에 미치는 영향력을 반복측정으로 자료를 수집했다. 또한 근로자들의 조절초점에 따라 감정소진과 우울감은 다를 것으로 예측하고 이를 검증하고자 했다. 감정노동 근로자들을 동일 표본으로 선정한 후 월요일부터 금요일까지 채택한 감정노동전략과 감정소진, 우울감을 측정해 근로자들의 심리적 역동성을 추정했다. 분석결과 감정노동전략 중 표면행위는 감정소진과 우울감을 높이는 것으로 나타났으며, 내면행위는 감정소진과 우울감을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 예방초점에 의한 감정노동이 감정소진과 우울감을 더욱 높이는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 요일별 감정소진과 우울감을 비교해 본 결과 내면행위에 비해 표면행위에 따른 감정소진과 우울감에 미치는 영향력은 더욱 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과에 근거해 국내 벤처기업들에게 감정노동자들의 심리장애를 회복시키기 위한 시사점을 제안했다.

Keywords

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