생물환경조절학회지 (Journal of Bio-Environment Control)

  • 제31권4호
  • /
  • Pages.384-392
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  • 2022
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  • 1229-4675(pISSN)
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  • 2765-3641(eISSN)
한국생물환경조절학회 (The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control)
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분광 영상을 이용한 사과나무 잎의 질소 영양 상태 진단

Diagnosis of Nitrogen Content in the Leaves of Apple Tree Using Spectral Imagery

  • 장시형 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과) ;
  • 조정건 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과) ;
  • 한점화 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과) ;
  • 정재훈 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과) ;
  • 이슬기 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과) ;
  • 이동용 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과) ;
  • 이광식 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 과수과)
  • Jang, Si Hyeong (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Cho, Jung Gun (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Han, Jeom Hwa (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Jeong, Jae Hoon (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Seul Ki (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Dong Yong (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Kwang Sik (Fruit Research Division, National institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science)
  • 투고 : 2022.09.23
  • 심사 : 2022.10.18
  • 발행 : 2022.10.31
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초록

본 연구는 RGB, 초분광 센서를 이용하여 시기별 사과 잎의 엽록소와 질소 함량을 예측하여 사과 나무 잎의 질소 영양을 진단하기 위해 수행되었다. 분광 데이터는 사과나무 '홍로/M.9' 2년생을 대상으로 고해상도 RGB와 초분광 센서로 촬영 후 영상처리를 통해 취득하였다. 식물체 데이터는 촬영이 끝난직후 엽록소와 잎 질소 함량을 측정하였다. 엽록소 측정기의 SPAD meter, RGB 센서의 개별 파장, 컬러 식생지수 및 초분광 센서의 214개의 파장과 식물체 데이터를 이용하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 엽록소와 잎 질소 함량 데이터는 시기와 상관없이 질소 시비량에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 잎은 시기가 지나면서 잎에 있던 영양분이 과실로 전이되어 색이 옅어졌으며 RGB센서의 경우 Red파장에서 시기와 상관없이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 초분광 센서의 경우 두 시기 모두 질소 시비 수준에 따라 가시광 영역보다 비가시광 영역에서 차이가 크게 나타났다. 반사값를 이용하여 식물체 특성의 예측 모델 결과 엽록소, 잎 질소함량 모두 초분광 데이터를 이용한 부분최소제곱회귀분석을 이용하였을 때 성능이 가장 높게 나타났다(chlorophyll: 81% / 63%, leaf nitrogen content: 81% / 67%). 이러한 원인은 RGB 센서에 비해 초분광 센서는 좁은 FWHM과 400-1,000nm의 넓은 파장 범위를 가지고 있어 질소 결핍에 의한 스트레스로 인해 작물의 분광학적 해석이 가능했을 것으로 판단된다. 추후 분광학적 특성을 이용하여 전 생육 시기의 수체 생리, 생태 모델 개발 및 검증 그리고 병해충 진단 등 연구를 통해 고품질, 안정적인 과실 생산 기술 개발에 기여될 것으로 사료된다.

The objective of this study was to estimated nitrogen content and chlorophyll using RGB, Hyperspectral sensors to diagnose of nitrogen nutrition in apple tree leaves. Spectral data were acquired through image processing after shooting with high resolution RGB and hyperspectral sensor for two-year-old 'Hongro/M.9' apple. Growth data measured chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) immediately after shooting. The growth model was developed by using regression analysis (simple, multi, partial least squared) with growth data (chlorophyll, LNC) and spectral data (SPAD meter, color vegetation index, wavelength). As a result, chlorophyll and LNC showed a statistically significant difference according to nitrogen fertilizer level regardless of date. Leaf color became pale as the nutrients in the leaf were transferred to the fruit as over time. RGB sensor showed a statistically significant difference at the red wavelength regardless of the date. Also hyperspectral sensor showed a spectral difference depend on nitrogen fertilizer level for non-visible wavelength than visible wavelength at June 10th and July 14th. The estimation model performance of chlorophyll, LNC showed Partial least squared regression using hyperspectral data better than Simple and multiple linear regression using RGB data (Chlorophyll R2: 81%, LNC: 81%). The reason is that hyperspectral sensor has a narrow Full Half at Width Maximum (FWHM) and broad wavelength range (400-1,000 nm), so it is thought that the spectral analysis of crop was possible due to stress cause by nitrogen deficiency. In future study, it is thought that it will contribute to development of high quality and stable fruit production technology by diagnosis model of physiology and pest for all growth stage of tree using hyperspectral imagery.

키워드

과제정보

본논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ015657012022, 과제명: 사과, 배 생산성 향상을 위한 영상기반 정밀 생리·생태 진단기술 개발)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

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