Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

  • 제11권1호
  • /
  • Pages.96-103
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  • 2022
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  • 2287-3651(pISSN)
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  • 2287-366X(eISSN)
대한백신학회 (The Korean Vaccine Society)
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Large inter-individual variability of cellular and humoral immunological responses to mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers

  • Alexander Kruttgen (Laboratory Diagnostic Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen) ;
  • Gerhard Haase (Laboratory Diagnostic Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen) ;
  • Helga Haefner (Laboratory Diagnostic Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen) ;
  • Matthias Imohl (Laboratory Diagnostic Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen) ;
  • Michael Kleines (Laboratory Diagnostic Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen)
  • 투고 : 2021.08.05
  • 심사 : 2021.10.01
  • 발행 : 2022.01.31
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초록

Purpose: Studies on the immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines are necessary to evaluate the ongoing vaccination programs by correlating serological response data and clinical effectiveness data. We performed a longitudinal immunological profiling of health care workers vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). Half of these vaccinees had experienced a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the spring of 2020 ("COVID-recovered" cohort), whereas the other half of the vaccinees had no previous COVID-19 infection ("COVID-naive" cohort). Materials and Methods: Serum was drawn at multiple time points and subjected to assays measuring anti-Spike immunoglobulin G (IgG), avidity of anti-Spike IgG, avidity of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, virus neutralizing activity, and interferon-γ release from stimulated lymphocytes. Results: Between both cohorts and within each cohort, we found remarkable inter-individual differences regarding cellular and humoral immune responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. Conclusion: First, our study indicates that the success of mRNA-1273 vaccinations should be verified by serological assays in order to identify "low-responders" to vaccination. Second, the kinetics of anti-S IgG and neutralizing activity correlate well with clinical effectiveness data, thus explaining incipient protection against infection 2 weeks after the first dose of mRNA-1273 in COVID-naive vaccinees. Third, our IgG-avidity data indicate that this incipient protection is mediated by low-avidity anti-RBD IgG and low-avidity anti-S IgG.

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