Journal of Gastric Cancer

The Korean Gastric Cancer Association (대한위암학회)
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Molecular Pathology of Gastric Cancer

  • Kim, Moonsik (Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital) ;
  • Seo, An Na (Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.09.27
  • Accepted : 2022.10.10
  • Published : 2022.10.31
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Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common lethal malignant neoplasms worldwide, with limited treatment options for both locally advanced and/or metastatic conditions, resulting in a dismal prognosis. Although the widely used morphological classifications may be helpful for endoscopic or surgical treatment choices, they are still insufficient to guide precise and/or personalized therapy for individual patients. Recent advances in genomic technology and high-throughput analysis may improve the understanding of molecular pathways associated with GC pathogenesis and aid in the classification of GC at the molecular level. Advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the identification of several genetic alterations through single experiments. Thus, understanding the driver alterations involved in gastric carcinogenesis has become increasingly important because it can aid in the discovery of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this article, we review the molecular classifications of GC, focusing on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification. We further describe the currently available biomarker-targeted therapies and potential biomarker-guided therapies. This review will help clinicians by providing an inclusive understanding of the molecular pathology of GC and may assist in selecting the best treatment approaches for patients with GC.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors express their deep gratitude to the members of the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists for their efforts in revising the Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer, 2nd edition. The authors are grateful for the support provided by the Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital Molecular Pathology Laboratory.

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